Abstract: An image display according to an embodiment includes a first image-displaying portion that displays first information about a certain object as a first image of object color, and a second image-displaying portion that displays second information about the object as a second image of structural color provided by a relief structure, the relief structure including at least one structure selected from the group consisting of diffraction grating, hologram, and light-scattering structure having an anisotropic light-scattering property. According to an example, the object is a person, and the first image includes a facial image of the person. A labeled article according to another embodiment includes the image display, and a substrate supporting the image display.

Abstract: [Problems] A higher forgery prevention effect is realized. [Means for Solving Problems] A display according to the present invention is characterized by includes a relief-structured region as an image-constituting element including recessed portions, protruding portions or both of them arranged two-dimensionally on one of main surfaces of a light-transmitting layer, and a reflection layer supported by the one of the main surfaces and covering at least a part of the relief-structured region, wherein a center-to-center distance of the recessed portions, protruding portions or both of them falls within a range of 200 nm to 500 nm. Further, it is characterized in that it comprises multiple relief-structured regions, and a shape, depth or height, the center-to-center distance and an arrangement pattern of the recessed portions, protruding portions or both of them in at least one of the relief-structured regions are different from those in other relief-structured region(s).

Abstract: Increased is the variety of changes of an image in accordance with observation conditions displayed on an optical device including a solidified liquid crystal material. An optical device includes a layered structure including a recess-forming layer with light-transmitting property, a main surface of which includes one or more recess-forming regions each provided with first grooves equal in longitudinal directions to one another and adjacent to one another in a direction crossing the longitudinal directions, and a liquid crystal layer supported by the main surface and made of a solidified liquid crystal material, and a reflection layer facing the layered structure.

Abstract: A display includes light-scattering regions. Each of the light-scattering regions is provided with linear protrusions and/or recesses having the same longitudinal direction. The light-scattering regions are different from each other in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A display includes a substrate with a light-transmitting property, a relief structure-forming layer disposed on at least one surface of the substrate and including a relief-structured region on a surface thereof opposite to its surface in contact with the substrate, a light-reflecting layer disposed on the surface of the relief structure-forming layer including the relief-structured region, and a printed layer formed on a surface of the substrate opposite to the surface on which the relief structure-forming layer is disposed, or between the relief structure-forming layer and the light-reflecting layer, or on a side of the light-reflecting layer opposite to its surface in contact with the relief structure-forming layer. The relief-structured region is constituted by recessed or protruding portions arranged two-dimensionally, has low reflectivity and low diffusibility under a normal illumination condition, and exhibits a diffracted light-emitting property under a specific condition.

Abstract: [Problems] A higher forgery prevention effect is realized. [Means for Solving Problems] A display according to the present invention is characterized by includes a relief-structured region as an image-constituting element including recessed portions, protruding portions or both of them arranged two-dimensionally on one of main surfaces of a light-transmitting layer, and a reflection layer supported by the one of the main surfaces and covering at least a part of the relief-structured region, wherein a center-to-center distance of the recessed portions, protruding portions or both of them falls within a range of 200 nm to 500 nm. Further, it is characterized in that it comprises multiple relief-structured regions, and a shape, depth or height, the center-to-center distance and an arrangement pattern of the recessed portions, protruding portions or both of them in at least one of the relief-structured regions are different from those in other relief-structured region(s).

Abstract: A higher forgery prevention effect is realized. A display includes a first interface section provided with a relief-type diffraction grating constituted by a plurality of grooves, and a second interface section provided with a plurality of recesses or projections arranged two-dimensionally at a center-to-center distance smaller than the minimum center-to-center distance of the plural grooves, and each having a forward tapered shape.

Abstract: In an information recording medium according to the present invention, in which an information recording medium has diffraction grating cells arranged therein, a plurality of types of the diffraction grating cells make up one information recording area. At least one type of the diffraction grating cells included in the diffraction grating cells making up the information recording area are information recording elements, while the other types of the diffraction grating cells included in the diffraction grating cells making up the information recording area are information hiding elements. The information is recorded by two-dimensional arrangement of the diffraction grating cells constituting the information recording elements in the information recording area.

Abstract: Increased is the variety of changes of an image in accordance with observation conditions displayed on an optical device including a solidified liquid crystal material. An optical device includes a layered structure including a recess-forming layer with light-transmitting property, a main surface of which includes one or more recess-forming regions each provided with first grooves equal in longitudinal directions to one another and adjacent to one another in a direction crossing the longitudinal directions, and a liquid crystal layer supported by the main surface and made of a solidified liquid crystal material, and a reflection layer facing the layered structure.

Abstract: An optical diffusion film comprises a plurality of diffraction grating cells formed on a substrate, each cell comprising a plurality of curved gratings disposed in parallel with each other and containing the same profile. Such film can be manufactured by embossing, using an original plate formed by etching a photosensitive material by means of an electronic beam exposure system to produce gratings. When such a film is provided with a reflection layer and exposed to light coming obliquely from above, highly bright and diffracted light is emitted in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A hologram is formed using a grating and a second hologram serving as an image hologram. The grating is constituted by a plurality of areas whose spatial frequencies and diffraction directions are different from each other. This grating is formed using a grating array and a mask. The second hologram has a plurality of areas each of which records information or image (e.g., ID data) serving as a recording target as an element hologram. The second hologram is formed using a Fresnel hologram serving as a first hologram. The first hologram can also be formed using a mask and a diffuser on which ID data is projected. On the hologram, information (pattern or image) is recorded with each of reference light components having different directions corresponding to the different small areas. Even if illumination light having a uniform wavefront is irradiated on this hologram, it is difficult to detect all the information (pattern and image).

Abstract: In an optical information recording medium of this invention, at least one cell including diffraction gratings is disposed on a planar substrate. This cell is divided into n (n is an integer of 2 or more) regions such that each divided region represents one binary data. To read information, light-receiving elements corresponding in number of the number n of divided regions of the cell are disposed to correspond to the respective divided regions. One incident light beam is caused to be incident on the cell. Diffracted light components emerging from the respective divided regions of the cell are received by the light-receiving elements, thereby reproducing data. Thus, information can be recorded at a very high density, and information can be read at a high speed.

Abstract: In an optical information recording medium of this invention, at least one cell including diffraction gratings is disposed on a planar substrate. In accordance with exemplary embodiments, a ratio of a line width of the diffraction gratings to a grating pitch of the diffraction gratings is changed based on the data. To read information, an incident light beam is caused to be incident on the cell. Diffracted light components emerging from the cell are received by light receiving elements, thereby reproducing data. Thus, information can be recorded at a very high density, and information can be read at a high speed.

Abstract: A display having a diffraction grating comprises a substrate, a plurality of diffraction grating cells formed over a surface of the substrate and comprising a diffraction grating having curve portions arranged in a parallel shift relation, and a light-shutting unit including light-shutting elements having an opening, wherein a length of the diffraction grating in a direction perpendicular to that shift direction of the curve portions is made substantially equal to a length of the opening of the light-shutting element in the light-shutting unit, a diffraction grating element in the diffraction grating is repeated at least once in a direction perpendicular to the shift direction of the curve portions to provide the above cell, a length of the cell in the direction perpendicular to the shift direction of the curve portions is made substantially equal to a pitch length of the light-shutting element in the light-shutting unit, and the light-shutting unit is arranged on an illumination light entry side of the diffr

Abstract: In an optical information recording medium of this invention, at least one cell including diffraction gratings is disposed on a planar substrate. This cell is divided into n (n is an integer of 2 or more) regions such that each divided region represents one binary data. To read information, light-receiving elements corresponding in number of the number n of divided regions of the cell are disposed to correspond to the respective divided regions. One incident light beam is caused to be incident on the cell. Diffracted light components emerging from the respective divided regions of the cell are received by the light-receiving elements, thereby reproducing data. Thus, information can be recorded at a very high density, and information can be read at a high speed.

Abstract: A display having a diffraction grating pattern includes:(a) a flat substrate; and(b) at least one dot formed on a surface of the flat substrate, the dot being formed by a diffraction grating pattern as an aggregate of a plurality of curves obtained by translating a curve.

Abstract: An identification mark comprises a set of a plurality of mark elements. One mark element is divided into a large number of first and second fine square regions alternately arranged. One or two basic gratings selected from a plurality of types of basic gratings is/are drawn in both fine square regions, so that patterns are formed. Since the basic gratings are different in direction of the grating or spatial frequency, the types of the basic gratings are different from each other. One selected type of basic gratings is drawn in all first fine square regions. Similarly, the one or another type of basic gratings is drawn in all second fine square regions. At least one first fine region and at least one second fine region exist in the diameter of the light beam when light is radiated on the mark element for optical read. Thereby, types of patterns, which one mark element can obtain, are increased.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display having diffraction grating patterns, includes the steps of (a) obtaining a plurality of two-dimensional images by observing an object at a plurality of positions, and inputting images of the plurality of two-dimensional images in a computer, (b) selecting nth image data from the plurality of image data, (c) inputting data of a reproducing light source position and a view direction, (d) inputting predetermined dot data of the nth image data, (e) determining a pitch and a direction of a grating and an area of a dot on the basis of the data of the reproducing light source position and the view direction and the dot data, (f) moving an X-Y stage to a predetermined position on the basis of the dot data and delineating the diffraction grating by using an electron scanning unit, (g) sequentially incrementing an address of the dot data and repeating the steps (d) to (f) until all data corresponding to the nth image data are processed, and (h) selecting another image data, and repea