Abstract: In one aspect, a polymer film having improved mechanical properties is provided. In one aspect, a polymer solution containing a solvent and a polymer that contains either a structural unit having a benzoxazole precursor structure or a structural unit having a benzoxazole structure is provided.

Abstract: An image display device includes: a plate-like base substrate (22), a transparent opposite substrate (3) provided opposite to the base substrate (22) and having flexibility, and a display element provided between the base substrate (22) and the opposite substrate (3), the display element including a transparent element substrate (41) having flexibility and a working unit (43) provided on a side of one surface of the element substrate (41), wherein each of the opposite substrate (3) and the element substrate (41) contains a resin material or a plate-like glass base member, and wherein in the case where the opposite substrate (3) contains the glass base member, an average thickness of the opposite substrate (3) is in the range of 0.02 to 0.2 mm, and in the case where the element substrate (41) contains the glass base member, an average thickness of the element substrate (41) is in the range of 0.02 to 0.2 mm.

Abstract: A transparent composite substrate according to the present invention includes a composite layer containing a glass cloth formed of an assembly of glass fibers and a resin material impregnated in the glass cloth. The resin material has an Abbe number of equal to or larger than 45. The assembly of the glass fibers itself has a variation in a refractive index and a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the refractive index is equal to or less than 0.01. This makes it possible to provide a transparent composite substrate having superior optical characteristics and a high-reliable display element substrate using the transparent composite substrate. Further, the resin material preferably contains an alicyclic epoxy resin or an alicyclic acrylic resin as a major component thereof.

Abstract: A transparent composite substrate according to the present invention includes a composite layer containing a glass cloth formed of an assembly of glass fibers and a resin material impregnated in the glass cloth. The assembly of the glass fibers itself has a variation in a refractive index and a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the refractive index is equal to or less than 0.008. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a transparent composite substrate having superior optical characteristic and a high-reliable display element substrate having the transparent composite substrate.

Abstract: It is possible to manufacture a large-size, high-accuracy organic EL display using a plastic substrate and an organic EL display using a roll-shaped long plastic substrate. The organic EL display includes an organic EL device A having at least a lower electrode 300, an organic layer including at least a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode 305 and a thin film transistor B on a transparent plastic substrate 100, a source electrode or drain electrode of the thin film transistor B is connected to the lower electrode 300, the plastic substrate 100 has a gas barrier layer 101a, the thin film transistor B is formed on the gas barrier layer 101a, the thin film transistor B includes an active layer 203 containing a non-metallic element which a mixture of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) and has a ratio of N to O (N number density/O number density) from 0 to 2, and the organic EL device A is formed at least on the gas barrier layer 101a or one the thin film transistor B.

Abstract: This disclosure, viewed from one aspect, this disclosure relates to a solution of polyamide comprising: an aromatic polyamide, a silane coupling agent and a solvent. The solution of polyamide can improve adhesion between the polyamide film and the base of glass or silicon wafer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward solutions, transparent films prepared from aromatic copolyamides, and a display element, an optical element or an illumination element using the solutions and/or the films. The copolyamides, which contain pendant carboxylic groups are solution cast into films using cresol, xylene, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or butyl cellosolve or other solvents or mixed solvent which has more than two solvents. When the films are thermally cured at temperatures near the copolymer glass transition temperature, after curing, the polymer films display transmittances >80% from 400 to 750 nm, have coefficients of thermal expansion of less than 20 ppm, and are solvent resistant.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward solutions, transparent films prepared from aromatic copolyamides, and a display element, an optical element or an illumination element using the solutions and/or the films. The copolyamides, which contain pendant carboxylic groups are solution cast into films using cresol, xylene, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or butyl cellosolve or other solvents or mixed solvent which has more than two solvents. When the films are thermally cured at temperatures near the copolymer glass transition temperature, after curing, the polymer films display transmittances >80% from 400 to 750 nm, have coefficients of thermal expansion of less than 20 ppm, and are solvent resistant.

Abstract: A conventional liquid crystal display comprises a number of components, so that a manufacturing cost cannot be reduced. Furthermore, a large-area substrate has problems in shipping. According to this invention, a liquid-crystal panel is prepared by forming individual optically functional films, a TFT device and a light-emitting device on a long thin film and then laminating the film by a transfer process. A base film to be a substrate in a liquid-crystal panel preferably has a thickness of 10 ?m to 200 ?m, a curvature radius of 40 mm or less as a measure of flexibility and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 50 ppm/° C. or less. Furthermore, it more preferably gives a variation of ±5% or less in mechanical and optical properties to a thermal history at 200° C.

Abstract: It is possible to manufacture a large-size, high-accuracy organic EL display using a plastic substrate and an organic EL display using a roll-shaped long plastic substrate. The organic EL display includes an organic EL device A having at least a lower electrode 300, an organic layer including at least a light emitting layer, and an upper electrode 305 and a thin film transistor B on a transparent plastic substrate 100, a source electrode or drain electrode of the thin film transistor B is connected to the lower electrode 300, the plastic substrate 100 has a gas barrier layer 101a, the thin film transistor B is formed on the gas barrier layer 101a, the thin film transistor B includes an active layer 203 containing a non-metallic element which a mixture of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) and has a ratio of N to O (N number density/O number density) from 0 to 2, and the organic EL device A is formed at least on the gas barrier layer 101a or one the thin film transistor B.

Abstract: It is possible to prevent a decrease in contrast due to external light reflection and to implement a small-size, thin apparatus. The liquid crystal display is configured by interposing alignment films and liquid crystal between a first substrate and a second substrate and adhering the first and second substrates through a gap retaining member and a sealant, wherein the first substrate is a substrate where a light blocking layer, a coloration layer, and a common electrode layer are formed on a plastic film substrate, wherein the second substrate is a substrate where a glass substrate where an active device is formed in advance adhered on a plastic film substrate, and wherein a barrier film is formed on one surface or two surfaces of at least one of the plastic film substrates.

Abstract: A flat panel display is manufactured by mass production and easily stored and transported at low cost. Provided is a thin film semiconductor substrate which faces a plastic substrate 7 and is combined with the plastic substrate 7 so as to be a flat panel display. Single-board-like insulating substrates 4 each of which has a thin film semiconductor array 3 are continuously bonded onto a lengthy plastic film 2. An apparatus is also provided for manufacturing the thin film semiconductor substrate which faces the plastic substrate 7 and is combined with the plastic substrate 7 so as to be the flat panel display.

Abstract: A conventional liquid crystal display comprises a number of components, so that a manufacturing cost cannot be reduced. Furthermore, a large-area substrate has problems in shipping. According to this invention, a liquid-crystal panel is prepared by forming individual optically functional films, a TFT device and a light-emitting device on a long thin film and then laminating the film by a transfer process. A base film to be a substrate in a liquid-crystal panel preferably has a thickness of 10 ?m to 200 ?m, a curvature radius of 40 mm or less as a measure of flexibility and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 50 ppm/° C. or less. Furthermore, it more preferably gives a variation of ±5% or less in mechanical and optical properties to a thermal history at 200° C.

Abstract: A conventional liquid crystal display comprises a number of components, so that a manufacturing cost cannot be reduced. Furthermore, a large-area substrate has problems in shipping. According to this invention, a liquid-crystal panel is prepared by forming individual optically functional films, a TFT device and a light-emitting device on a long thin film and then laminating the film by a transfer process. A base film to be a substrate in a liquid-crystal panel preferably has a thickness of 10 ?m to 200 ?m, a curvature radius of 40 mm or less as a measure of flexibility and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 50 ppm/° C. or less. Furthermore, it more preferably gives a variation of ±5% or less in mechanical and optical properties to a thermal history at 200° C.

Abstract: To provide a device for pasting a film exhibiting dichroism and a film exhibiting birefringence at an arbitrary angle with high precision. The device for pasting a film exhibiting dichroism and a film exhibiting birefringence at an arbitrary angle comprises a detector for detecting the angle of an axis where absorption is maximum or minimum in the plane of a film exhibiting dichroism, and a detector for detecting the slow axis in the plane of a film exhibiting birefringence. An angle between the film exhibiting dichroism and the film exhibiting birefringence is controlled using the detector for a film exhibiting dichroism and the detector for a film exhibiting birefringence.

Abstract: A method to provide an improved production yield of electronic devices. A thin film device 41 is manufactured by the following method. Semiconductor elements 11 are formed on the substrate 10. Then, a protective film is adhered onto the upper portions of the semiconductor elements 11 using an adhesive agent. Then, the substrate 10 is removed along the thickness direction from the surface thereof opposite to the surface having the semiconductor elements 11 provided thereon. Subsequently, a film 16 is adhered onto the surface of the removal-processed substrate 10. Subsequently, the protective film is removed. The obtained thin film device 41 is heat-treated.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] To continuously manufacture display units, and prevent warping or peeling of display units after sticking together, and eliminate mixture of air babbles, and prevent the occurrence of uneven images.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a device for pasting a film exhibiting dichroism and a film exhibiting birefringence at an arbitrary angle with high precision. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] The device for pasting a film exhibiting dichroism and a film exhibiting birefringence at an arbitrary angle comprises a detector for detecting the angle of an axis where absorption is maximum or minimum in the plane of a film exhibiting dichroism, and a detector for detecting the slow axis in the plane of a film exhibiting birefringence. An angle between the film exhibiting dichroism and the film exhibiting birefringence is controlled using the detector for a film exhibiting dichroism and the detector for a film exhibiting birefringence.

Abstract: A semi-transmissive liquid-crystal panel is a useful mobile display device which can provide a clear image in both dark and bright places. However, there has been needed a light-weighted and highly durable display device with a lower power consumption, pursing advantages of a single transparent/reflection type liquid-crystal panel.

Abstract: A conventional liquid crystal display comprises a number of components, so that a manufacturing cost cannot be reduced. Furthermore, a large-area substrate has problems in shipping. According to this invention, a liquid-crystal panel is prepared by forming individual optically functional films, a TFT device and a light-emitting device on a long thin film and then laminating the film by a transfer process. A base film to be a substrate in a liquid-crystal panel preferably has a thickness of 10 ?m to 200 ?m, a curvature radius of 40 mm or less as a measure of flexibility and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 50 ppm/° C. or less. Furthermore, it more preferably gives a variation of ±5% or less in mechanical and optical properties to a thermal history at 200° C.