Abstract: Gel beads of microbial cells or enzymes enclosed in gels are produced by forming a surface liquid stream of a gelling agent flowing from the center toward the peripheral wall of a vessel containing the gelling agent by a lower rotor on the liquid surface of the gelling agent, and dispersing a colloidal suspension of microbial cells or enzymes into a droplets by an upper rotor and allowing the dispersed droplets to fall onto the surface liquid stream, thereby contacting the droplets with the gelling agent. The lower and upper rotors may have vanes radially provided at a periphery of a lower and upper sides, respectively. In place of separate rotors, a single rotor may be used with lower and upper surfaces which respectively provide the functions of the lower and upper rotors. The lower and upper surfaces may also have radially provided vanes.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to a method for removing crude oil sludge, which is convenient for removing sludge while the crude oil is transported. The method for removing crude oil sludge from crude oil includes the steps of:(a) classifying grains of sludge into coarse grains and small grains;(b) settling the sludge in the crude oil discharged from the classification step to separate the coarse grains from the crude oil;(c) sending the crude oil which is the supernatant constituent in the settling step to a filter in order to separate the remaining sludge in the crude oil; and(d) introducing a part of the above crude oil to a reverse washing liquid inlet of the filter, in order to wash reversely the filter medium of the above filter.

Abstract: A multi-stage distillation plant consisting essentially of a multi-flash evaporator provided with a multi-flash chamber which is divided into a heat recovery section and a heat rejection section. In this multi-stage flash distillation plant, the aforesaid flash evaporator is provided with a deaerator for deaerating cold sea water, a thickener for separating brine containing a relatively great amount of seeds, from concentrated brine which has been extracted from a front chamber of the final stage flash chamber, and a seed mixing tank for obtaining a seed-mixed brine, whereby part of the sea water which has passed through the deaerator is supplied as a feed sea water to the rear chamber of the final stage flash chamber, while the brine containing a relatively great amount of seed and extracted from the thickener is joined to the seed-mixed brine fed from the seed mixing tank.