Abstract: This invention is directed to a reaction amount measurement apparatus capable of measuring the reaction amount and also to a reaction amount measurement and controlling apparatus capable of measuring and controlling the reaction amount with high accuracy. The apparatus comprises at least one temperature detector disposed in the interior, the outer surface of the reaction system or in a vessel, a computer having an operation function for calculating the reaction amount in accordance with the temperature signal of the temperature detectors, and a comparison function for generating an output signal to terminate reaction when the reaction amount has exceeded the set amount, a timer for getting the operation and comparison performed at given intervals.

Abstract: A method for controlling the state of vulcanization of a wheel tire which comprises controlling the process steps of a vulcanizing process preceeding the heating step according to a time mode, controlling the heating step according to an equivalent cure unit control mode and again controlling the process steps subsequent to the heating step according to the time mode. A vulcanization apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for preheating to a predetermined temperature an elastomer product, such as a green tire, in preparation for vulcanization. The elastomer product is placed in a lateral posture on a rotatable table within a preheating chamber. While rotating the elastomer product, a high frequency wave irradiation is intermittently applied toward the upper surface of the elastomer product through a first waveguide. Simultaneously, additional high frequency wave irradiation is intermittently applied onto side portions of the elastomer product through at least one horn member coupled through a corresponding waveguide. The horn member is positioned such that it can be moved vertically or pivoted angularly. The temperature is measured in both a radial and circumferential direction of the elastomer product and maintained uniform during heating by varying the irradiation accordingly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring the hardness of rubber, plastics, etc. and a hardness tester for use therein, characterized in that a feeler of the hardness tester is brought into contact with the surface of a test material, the amount of displacement of the feeler is converted into electric signals, the variation of hardness from the maximum value directly after the testing to the stabilized value after the lapse of a preset space of time is measured, and the temperature of the test material is taken synchronously with the hardness testing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for vulcanizing an elastomer, such as tire, fender, sleeve, hose, etc., set in a vulcanizing chamber by use of a mixed fluid comprising a low enthalpy gas and a high thermal capacity thermal fluid, said mixed fluid being obtained by introducing said gas and fluid each independently into the vulcanizing chamber for direct mixing in said vulcanizing chamber, the temperature, pressure and flow rate necessitated for the vulcanization of the vulcanizable elastomer being adapted to be controlled by a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor provided inside the vulcanizing chamber thereby making it possible to obtain proper vulcanization without the conventional impediments of surface bareness or imperfect adhesion in the part of the carcass due to insufficient exhaust in air.

Abstract: An improved process for vulcanization of elastomer products which includes the steps of heating under pressure, the elastomer product mounted in a metal mold by supplying vulcanizing medium, suspending the supply of the vulcanizing medium when the elastomer product has reached a predetermined temperature or passed through a predetermined time period, and subsequently supplying insert gas preliminarily extracted from atmospheric air and maintained at least under approximately the same pressure as that of the vulcanizing medium, up to the termination of the heating step so as to maintain the elastomer product at the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An improved process for vulcanization of elastomer products which includes the steps of heating under pressure, the elastomer product mounted in a metal mold by supplying vulcanizing medium, suspending the supply of the vulcanizing medium when the elastomer product has reached a predetermined temperature or passed through a predetermined time period, subsequently supplying inert gas preliminarily extracted from atmospheric air and maintained at least under approximately the same pressure as that of the vulcanizing medium, up to the termination of the heating step so as to maintain the elastomer product at the predetermined temperature, and, upon termination of said heating step, restoring a mixture of the inert gas and the vulcanizing medium so as to derive the inert gas through steam separation for re-utilization of the inert gas for a preshaping of the elastomer product prior to the vulcanization of the elastomer product and the like.