Abstract: An angle detection apparatus includes a magnetic sensing element, a magnetic field generator, and a yoke. The magnetic field generator is rotatable around a rotation axis with respect to the magnetic sensing element and generates a magnetic field. The yoke is disposed in a magnetic-field influence region and is rotatable together with the magnetic field generator. The magnetic-field influence region is a region that lies between the magnetic field generator and the magnetic sensing element in a rotation axis direction along the rotation axis, and that is to be influenced by the magnetic field.

Abstract: An interface block (11) converts the format of input downstream data (STRM). A CPU (12) receives the format-converted data (DIF) and realizes the MAC function. A TEK process block (13) receives TEK process data (DTEK) obtained from the data (DIF), analyzes the data structure of the TEK process data, and performs decryption processing based on a result of the analysis.

Abstract: A quartz glass crucible adapted for use in a process for pulling a single crystal semiconductor material having an opaque outer substrate of a quartz glass with a relatively high bubble content and an inner transparent glass layer which is substantially free from bubbles. The crucible is produced while the substrate is supported by a rotating mould by forming an atmosphere of high temperature gas and supplying a metered quantity of powders of quartz to the high temperature gas atmosphere to have the quartz powders molten at least partly and directed toward an inner surface of the substrate to be adhered thereon.

Abstract: A quartz glass crucible adapted for use in a process for pulling a single crystal semiconductor material having an opaque outer substrate of a quartz glass with a relatively high bubble content and an inner transparent glass layer which is substantially free from bubbles. The crucible is produced while the substrate is supported by a rotating mould by forming an atmosphere of high temperature gas and supplying a metered quantity of powders of quartz to the high temperature gas atmosphere to have the quartz powders molten at least partly and directed toward an inner surface of the substrate to be adhered thereon.

Abstract: A high potential generating toothbrush including an elongated, manually gripped block handle formed with a positive electrode; a block head formed with a negative electrode and having a brush implanted in one end thereof; and a high voltage generating circuit connected to those positive and negative electrodes for providing a high voltage to both those electrodes and incorporated in either the grip portion or the brush portion. With such construction, it is possible to treat diseases in the oral cavity, and the toothbrush becomes smaller in size and handy.