Abstract: An electrically power assisted bicycle includes an electric motor that generates an assist force assisting human power of a rider, a detachable battery that supplies electric power to the electric motor, a headlight, and an operation panel including a display that displays information, a power button that turns on or off the electrically power assisted bicycle, an illuminance sensor that outputs a signal in accordance with received light, and a controller configured or programmed to control the headlight to be on or off. The power button and the illuminance sensor are located close to each other on or in the operation panel. After a predetermined time period passes after the controller is activated by the power button being pressed by the rider, the controller starts controlling the headlight to be on or off in accordance with the signal output by the illuminance sensor.

Abstract: An electrically power assisted bicycle includes a driving system including an electric motor that generates an assist force to assist human power of a rider and a first controller configured or programmed to control an operation of the electric motor; and an operation panel including buttons and a second controller. The buttons include a power button that turns on or off a power of the driving system, and an assist force setting button that sets an assist force of the electric motor. The second controller detects a press on each of the buttons to execute a predefined process. When the second controller detects a specific operation different from a normal operation on at least one button among the buttons while electric power is supplied to the driving system and the second controller is operated in a normal operation mode, the second controller prohibits the power from being turned off.

Abstract: An electrically power assisted bicycle includes an electric motor that generates an assist force assisting human power of a rider, a detachable battery that supplies electric power to the electric motor, a headlight, and an operation panel including a display that displays information, a power button that turns on or off the electrically power assisted bicycle, an illuminance sensor that outputs a signal in accordance with received light, and a controller configured or programmed to control the headlight to be on or off. The power button and the illuminance sensor are located close to each other on or in the operation panel. After a predetermined time period passes after the controller is activated by the power button being pressed by the rider, the controller starts controlling the headlight to be on or off in accordance with the signal output by the illuminance sensor.

Abstract: An electrically power assisted bicycle includes a driving system including an electric motor that generates an assist force to assist human power of a rider and a first controller configured or programmed to control an operation of the electric motor; and an operation panel including buttons and a second controller. The buttons include a power button that turns on or off a power of the driving system, and an assist force setting button that sets an assist force of the electric motor. The second controller detects a press on each of the buttons to execute a predefined process. When the second controller detects a specific operation different from a normal operation on at least one button among the buttons while electric power is supplied to the driving system and the second controller is operated in a normal operation mode, the second controller prohibits the power from being turned off.

Abstract: A communication unit receives from a BCM output data which is data to I/O devices from the BCM. A shared memory stores the output data received by the communication unit. An anomaly detection communication processing unit and the communication unit generate a communication frame for anomaly detection to request sending the output data held in the BCM. The communication unit sends the communication frame for the anomaly detection to the BCM, and receives the output data held in the BCM from the BCM as a response to the communication frame for the anomaly detection. The anomaly detection checking unit compares the output data received from the BCM with the output data stored in the shared memory.

Abstract: A vehicle-onboard ETC apparatus capable of conducting ETC information communication includes a vehicle speed detector for detecting a speed of a motor vehicle which passes through a toll gate station equipped with an ETC system, a communication unit for exchanging ETC information for settlement of toll charge/payment with the toll gate station upon passing therethrough, a measuring unit for measuring reception field intensity of the received ETC information within a communication coverage area, and a decision unit for making decision on the basis of the detected vehicle speed and the measured reception field intensity as to a location within the communication coverage area where ETC information communication can be started while sustaining favorable field intensity for signal reception at the detected vehicle speed, to thereby allow the communication means to perform communication processing on the basis of the result of the above decision.

Abstract: A vehicle-onboard ETC apparatus mounted on a motor vehicle which informs a driver of ETC-relevant information interchanged with an ETC facility installed at a toll gate via an image as well as a voice, and which requires minimal extension of hardware. The apparatus determines and discriminates field intensity for received ETC-relevant information without using any specific measuring apparatus, while outputting the field intensity information as an image or voice. The apparatus includes a communication unit for interchanging toll charge/payment information with the ETC facility of the toll gate when the motor vehicle passes through the toll gate, signal conversion means for converting the received toll charge/payment information into an image signal and a voice signal, a display device for displaying the image signal resulting from the conversion, and a voice signal output unit for outputting the voice signal resulting from the conversion through an audible signal converting unit.

Abstract: A data processor includes a first encoder, a first storage medium, a subtracter, a second encoder, a second storage medium, and an output section. The first encoder generates, by using a predetermined first coding method, a main code prepared by encoding a moving picture signal input as an original signal. The first storage medium stores the main code generated by the first encoder. The subtracter calculates a coding distortion generated upon coding by the first encoder. The second encoder encodes, by using a predetermined second coding method, the coding distortion calculated by the subtracter, thereby generating a compensation code. The second storage medium stores the compensation code generated by the second encoder. The output section outputs the main and compensation codes respectively stored in the first and second storage media.

Abstract: An image signal encoding system which is capable of correctly encoding an editing image signal before and after switching points of a first input dynamic image signal and a second input dynamic image signal. The image signal encoding system selects, as an editing image signal, one of the first and the second input dynamic image signals, each of which has serial image plane frames to encode the editing image signal. A switching signal is produced which is used to select as the editing image signal one of the first and second input dynamic image signals. An image encoder encodes the editing image signal, using spatial correlation, an initial image plane frame of the editing image signal after a switching time point of selection of the first and second input dynamic image signals.

Abstract: A method of adaptively multiplexing a plurality of video channel data is disclosed. A multiplexed data includes a plurality of frames each of which contains a plurality of sub-frames. The video channel data are adaptively allocated to the sub-frames. A memory occupancy value of a buffer, which is provided in each of a plurality of video channels, is determined. The buffer is arranged to receive the corresponding video information. A plurality of control signals are produced each of which indicates the memory occupancy value of the corresponding buffer. Following this, a look-up table is accessed which includes a plurality of video channel assignment data for assigning the video channel data to The sub-frames. Thus, one of the channel data assignment data is derived from the look-up table. The video channel data are then multiplexed using one of said channel data assignment data derived from the look-up table.

Abstract: A multiplex transmission method and apparatus for motion picture signals. A transmission line constituted by transmission channels having different carrier frequencies is prepared. One of the transmission channels has a transmission rate almost equal to the long-term average of information generation speeds in encoding an arbitrary motion picture signal. The input motion picture signal is encoded by using inter-frame and intra-frame correlations, and encoded information is output for each image channel. The image channels are related in one-to-one correspondence with the transmission channels having the different carrier frequencies.

Abstract: In a transmitting system, a first multiplexer multiplexes first through M-th encoded digital video signals from encoders to produce a primary multiplex signal comprising cells which have channel codes, address codes, and cell data, where M represents an integer greater than two. Each of the cell data represents a part of one of the encoded digital video signals. Each of the channel codes indicates one of the encoded digital video signals. Each of the address codes indicates a position of one of the cell datum. A first demultiplexer demultiplexes the primary multiplex signal to produce first through N-th primary demultiplex signals, where N represents an integer which is less than M and greater than one. A second multiplexer multiplexes the first through the N-th primary demultiplex signals from the first demultiplexer through first through N-th transmitting paths to produce a secondary multiplex signal.

Abstract: In the time-varying image signal coding apparatus, a local encoded signal is quantized by a quantizing circuit, and the quantized signal is selected when refreshing is to be accomplished, and subjected to code transform by a code transform circuit to be transmitted to a time-varying image signal decoding apparatus. The signal supplied from the quantizing circuit is a transform coefficient in the transform region, and this is divided into a plurality of groups to be refreshed on a group-by-group basis. The transfer control on a group-by-group basis when refreshing is to take place is accomplished with a control signal supplied from a switching control circuit, and this control signal also undergoes code transform by the code transform circuit to be transmitted to the time-varying image signal decoding apparatus.

Abstract: A time-varying image signal coding apparatus including a local encoded signal being quantized by a quantizing circuit, and the quantized signal is selected when refreshing is to be accomplished, and subjected to code transform by a code transform circuit to be transmitted to a time-varying image signal decoding apparatus. The signal supplied from the quantizing circuit is a transform coefficient in the transform region, and this is divided into a plurality of groups to be refreshed on a group-by-group basis. The transfer control on a group-by-group basis when refreshing is to take place is accomplished with a control signal supplied from a switching control circuit, and this control signal also undergoes code transform by the code transform circuit to be transmitted to the time-varying image signal decoding apparatus.

Abstract: In the time-varying image signal coding apparatus, a local encoded signal is quantized by a quantizing circuit, and the quantized signal is selected when refreshing is to be accomplished, and subjected to code transformation by a code transform circuit to be transmitted to a time-varying image signal decoding apparatus. The signal supplied from the quantizing circuit is a transform coefficient in the transform region, and this is divided into a plurality of groups to be refreshed on a group-by-group basis. The transfer control on a group-by-group basis when refreshing is to take place is accomplished with a control signal supplied from a switching control circuit, and this control signal also undergoes code transformation by the code transform circuit to be transmitted to the time-varying image signal decoding apparatus.

Abstract: Time-varying picture signals of a plurality of channels are predictively coded by utilizing the interframe correlation and multiplexed at the transmitting side. The signals are separated for each channel, switched and selected for any channel for decoding at the receiving side after transmitted. When the receiving channel is switched over to other channel, a decoding error can occur and a reproduced screen can collapse since the predicting signals do not coincide with each other at the transmitting and receiving sides. Therefore, when the plurality of channels is selectively switched for decoding by using a single decoder, the refresh is repeated at predetermined time intervals in a short period of time by utilizing the intraframe correlation when the coding is carried out at the transmitting side so that, even if the channel is switched, an excellent reproduced screen may be immediately obtained.

Abstract: On detecting a drastic change, such as a scene change, between current and previous ones of successive pictures which are represented by a digital video signal and each of which comprises a predetermined number of picture elements, the digital video signal is processed by using correlations between the picture elements within each of the successive pictures to produce a processed signal which represents processed results for each of the successive pictures. A statistical distribution of the processed results is calculated from the processed signal. The statistical distribution of the processed results in the current picture is collated with the statistical distribution of the processed results in the previous picture to be produced as a change detection signal representative of the drastic change with reference to a relationship between the statistical distribution of the processed results in the current picture and the statistical distribution of the processed results in the previous picture.

Abstract: In a reproduction system for use in reproducing a still image from a sequence of predictive error signals which is read out of a memory and which is preliminarily processed into a sequence of preliminary processed signals, an intermediate circuit interrupts the preliminary processed signals in response to an external command signal. In the intermediate circuit, the external command signal is resampled by a sequence of frame pulses in a resampling circuit into a resampled signal so as to close a gate circuit. No predictive error signal is sent to an adder circuit during absence of the gate circuit. An identical error signal is repeatedly produced as a sequence of reproduced signals to reproduce the still image.

Abstract: In a decoding system for decoding video signals into original video signals, the requirement for an externally-arranged frame synchronizer is avoided. The decoding system itself incorporates a frame synchronization function. In one form, the decoding system comprises a buffer memory for temporarily storing video signals that have coded by a predetermined coding algorithm. A frame sync signal detector detects frame sync signals out of the video signals temporarily stored in the buffer memory and generates sync detection signals. A reference sync signal detector detects reference sync signals provided from outside and generates reference sync detection signals. A decoder is responsive to the frame sync and reference sync detection signals to read the video signals out of the buffer memory and to decode the video signals.

Abstract: In an image processing system for use in processing a sequence of image signals carrying a moving image, the image signal sequence is divided into a sequence of partial image signals each of which carries a scene subsequence defined by scene changes. A background signal generator determines a background portion of the moving image by monitoring a whole of each partial image signal and produces a background signal. The background signal is coded by a coder prior to a sequence of error signals resulting from predictive coding of each partial signal. During prediction of the background signal, the error signals may be rendered to zero in the coder. The background signal may be either determined at every picture element or at every block composed of a plurality of picture elements.