Abstract: Provided is a polishing apparatus which comprises a polishing mechanism for polishing a wafer taken out from a cassette, an attaching-detaching device for attaching to and detaching the wafer from the polishing mechanism, a device for cleaning the polished wafer, and a transportation device for transporting the wafer between the cassette, polishing mechanism, attaching-detaching device, and cleaning device. These devices are arranged individually in compartments. A working chamber is divided into a plurality of compartments by means of partitioning devices. A device for polishing a workpiece is set in one of the compartments. The apparatus is also provided with communication devices for internally connecting the adjacent compartments which are divided by the partitioning devices. The apparatus may further comprise devices for individually controlling the respective internal pressures of the compartments or a device for generating an air flow in the form of a laminar flow in each of the compartments.

Abstract: A polishing device includes a rotatable first column vertically provided at the lateral side of a surface table. A second column engages the first column so as to be able to be moved up and down by a lifting drive (air cylinder). The second column is provided with an arm, to which a polishing head is fitted. The surface table, first column and polishing head are driven by directly connected or built-in motors M1, M2 and M3.

Abstract: The present invention uses a surface plate 8 made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics which is installed on a turntable 4, and an emery cloth 6 is adhered on the surface of the surface plate 8. This surface plate 8 is detachably installed on the turntable 4 by means of key blocks 22 or screws 26. If the turntable 4 is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics, the entire weight of a polishing machine can be reduced.

Abstract: Gravure ink binder for paper comprising the reaction product of (a) cyclopentadiene, (b) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof, (c) resin acid and (d) metal compound, and having a softening point of 130.degree. C. to 240.degree. C. and acid value of not more than 100. The binder provides gravure inks for paper excellent in drying property and gloss.

Abstract: Printing ink binders comprising a reaction product of (a) rosin, (b) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid-modified petroleum resin, (c) resol type phenolformaldehyde pre-condensate and (d) polyhydric alcohol, which have an acid value of not more than 30, a softening point of not less than 140.degree. C., a viscosity of a 33% by weight linseed oil solution of not less than Y by Gardner-Holdt bubble viscometer at 25.degree. C. and a tolerance to high-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbon of not less than 5. The reaction products have high softening point and high solubility to solvents, and are useful as binder resins for printing ink. The reaction products in the presence of cyclopentadiene polymer also provide excellent ink binders which have a higher softening point.