Abstract: A method and apparatus for diagnosing an electrochemical sensor that detects the concentration of a gas are operative for diagnosing whether or not the sensor is in an error state due to a rise in a resistance in the electrolyte of the sensor. Such detection is made on the basis of a current flowing between a sensing electrode and an opposite electrode or a voltage corresponding to the current. A method for diagnosing an electrochemical sensor having a solid or liquid electrolyte between a sensing electrode and an opposite electrode detects the concentration of the gas to be detected on the basis of a current flowing between the sensing electrode and the opposite electrode, or a voltage corresponding to the current. Whether or not the electrochemical sensor is in an error state is diagnosed on the basis of a resistance of the electrolyte between the two electrodes of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for diagnosing an electrochemical sensor that detects the concentration of a gas are operative for diagnosing whether or not the sensor is in an error state due to a rise in a resistance in the electrolyte of the sensor. Such detection is made on the basis of a current flowing between a sensing electrode and an opposite electrode or a voltage corresponding to the current. A method for diagnosing an electrochemical sensor having a solid or liquid electrolyte between a sensing electrode and an opposite electrode detects the concentration of the gas to be detected on the basis of a current flowing between the sensing electrode and the opposite electrode, or a voltage corresponding to the current. Whether or not the electrochemical sensor is in an error state is diagnosed on the basis of a resistance of the electrolyte between the two electrodes of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A nail-setting claw hammer head includes a main body and a claw. The main body has a top surface and a rear surface with the rear surface including a nail-head receiving recess formed therein. The claw is connected to the rear surface at one end and terminates at an opposite second end with a pair of claw sections that define a V-shaped slot therebetween. The nail-head receiving recess is positioned to face the V-shaped slot and is in a plane defined by horizontal and vertical axes of the main body.

Abstract: A nail-setting claw hammer head includes a main body and a claw. The main body has a top surface and a rear surface with the rear surface including a nail-head receiving recess formed therein. The claw is connected to the rear surface at one end and terminates at an opposite second end with a pair of claw sections that define a V-shaped slot therebetween. The nail-head receiving recess is positioned to face the V-shaped slot and is in a plane defined by horizontal and vertical axes of the main body.

Abstract: A claw hammer head having a body, a neck extending from the front of the body and having a face, and a claw extending from the back of the body. The claw is a multi-radius claw having a profile which maximizes hand-pull leverage during the entire scope of a nail pull rotation. The head has a high raised brow. The claw tips are tapered and pointed, enabling the claw to dig under nail heads that are below the wood surface. The claw has a very sharp V slot near the end of the claw. The head is provided with a cup in the pocket which is used to hold a nail head when one handed spiking with a nail positioned with the head of the nail in the cup and a shank in the slot captured by the V shape of the slot. The neck is a long reach neck with a progressive radius and the face is oversized and slightly contoured to about equal to a 6″ R. The edge of the face is chamfered. The head is provided with large side hitting faces on each side of the body.

Abstract: A two sided pruning saw blade has a top cutting edge used for making an undercut of a limb while the bottom cutting edge is used for regular pruning. Both the top cutting edge and the bottom cutting edge have a compound curve containing two radii of curvatures which are different from one another.