Abstract: In a method for purifying a fluoroaryl metal compound of the present invention, magnesium halide is precipitated and removed from a solution containing the fluoroaryl metal compound, the magnesium halide, and an ether solvent. Or, the magnesium halide is removed by treating the solution with an acid. Examples of the method include: a method in which a solvent which has a boiling point higher than that of the ether solvent contained in the solution and which does not dissolve the magnesium halide is heated to a temperature higher than the boiling point of the ether solvent, then the ether solvent is distilled out with the solution being added to the solvent; and a method in which the solution and an aqueous solution containing an acid are mixed and stirred, then allowed to stand so as to be separated into an organic layer containing the fluoroaryl metal compound and an aqueous layer containing the magnesium halide and the acid.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst according to the present invention is prepared, for example, by heat processing a gold compound at 150° C. to 80° C., yielding ultrafine gold particles, which are then mixed with a palladium compound and a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkaline metals and the elements of Groups IIA, IIIA, VIA, IIB, VB, and VIII of the Periodic Table. By an oxidation reaction between a benzyl compound such as p-xylene and a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid in the presence of oxygen and the oxidation catalyst prepared as above, a benzyl ester such as p-methylbenzyl acetate or p-xylylene diacetate can be produced. Consequently, it is possible to provide an oxidation catalyst suitable for use in industrially producing the foregoing benzyl esters, a method of preparing the foregoing oxidation catalyst, and a method of producing the foregoing benzyl esters efficiently and at low cost.

Abstract: A solution containing an organic solvent and a compound including impurities, represented by, for example, general formula (1) (wherein R1 to R10 independently represent H, F, a hydrocarbon group or an alkoxy group, at least one of R1 to R5 is F, at least one of R6 to R10 is F, M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or alkaline earth metal halide, n is 3 or 4, and m is 2 when M is an alkaline earth metal, or m is 1 when M is the other) is mixed with water. The purified compound is reacted with a compound which forms a monovalent cation seed to prepare a derivative. Thus, a purifying method capable of efficiently and easily separating and removing colored components contained in tetrakis(fluoroaryl)borate compounds can be provided. Moreover, it is possible to provide a method capable of preparing a highly-pure tetrakis(fluoroaryl)borate derivative efficiently and at low costs.

Abstract: In order to provide a method of safely, efficiently, and industrially manufacturing fluoroaryl magnesium halide containing no impurities, such as coloring components, by a relatively gradual reaction compared with the conventional reactions, and a method of readily and efficiently manufacturing a highly-pure fluoroaryl borane derivative, fluoroaryl magnesium halide expressed by General Formula (1): where each of R1-R5 independently represents H, F, a hydrocarbon group, or an alkoxy group, provided that at least three of R1-R5 are fluorine atoms, and Xa represents Cl, Br, or I; is manufactured by reacting, in a solvent containing a chain ether solvent, hydrocarbon magnesium halide expressed by General Formula (2): R6MgXa  (2) where R6 represents a hydrocarbon group, and Xa represents Cl, Br, or I; with fluoroaryl halide expressed by General Formula (3): where each of R1-R5 independently represents H, F, a hydrocarbon group, or an alkoxy group, provided that at

Abstract: By subjecting an aromatic compound of the formula (I), which is an inexpensive raw material, to a vapor-phase intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation reaction, fluorenes of the formula (II) can be obtained industrially advantageously in a high yield. Fluorenes (II) are expected to be used as raw materials for heat-resistant epoxy resins, polycarbonates or polyesters. wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent .dbd.O at the same time; and R and R' each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A customer holds a personal data card (personal data card) which stores data of five music pieces including music-piece codes of favorite karaoke music pieces, and the key and tempo setting of the music pieces as my-song data. The customer inserts the personal data card into a card insertion slot. The five my songs are assigned to music-piece selection switches, respectively. The music pieces can be selected only by turning on one of the music-piece selection switches. Unlike a usual music-piece selection, therefore, it is not required to input a music-piece code consisting of five to seven digits. When a start switch is turned on thereafter, the music piece is started. Prior to the start, the key and tempo stored in the personal data card are set. Therefore, the setting with which the customer sings the song in best conditions can be automatically performed.

Abstract: The positions of lines connecting nodes are selected such that the lines do not overlap nodes other than those which they are connecting. This is based on the position information of nodes within the network diagram, and connection information indicating which nodes are connected by the node-connecting lines. Node-connecting lines which are to be connected are generated in these selected positions, using straight lines or curved lines.

Abstract: A karaoke apparatus sounds a karaoke accompaniment and displays visual information to perform karaoke play. An audio generator responds to a request for generating an audio signal. A sound component is switchable from an inactive state to an active state for receiving the audio signal to sound a karaoke accompaniment corresponding to the request. A video generator having a plurality of channels generates a plurality of video signals which represent visual information containing various items assigned differently to the representative channels. A channel selector switches the channels to select an adequate video signal so as to control the visual information. A monitor receives the selected video signal for displaying the visual information such that the displayed visual information includes a necessary item and excludes an unnecessary item for the karaoke play at least under the active state of the sound component.