Abstract: In collective I/O processing in which a plurality of processes access the same file in a shared manner, when each user process issues an I/O request, the user process notifies the system of information on a file region accessed by all the processes; information for specifying whether or not a prefetch is performed, and information for specifying whether or not a disk preallocate is performed, together with the I/O requests issued by all associated processes, as hint information. The system provides a buffer for storing data in a file region accessed by all the processes based on the hint information, such that the I/O processing for all the processes is performed using this buffer.

Abstract: In collective I/O processing in which a plurality of processes access the same file in a shared manner, when each user process issues an I/O request, the user process notifies the system of information on a file region accessed by all the processes; information for specifying whether or not a prefetch is performed, and information for specifying whether or not a disk preallocate is performed, together with the I/O requests issued by all associated processes, as hint information. The system provides a buffer for storing data in a file region accessed by all the processes based on the hint information, such that the I/O processing for all the processes is performed using this buffer.

Abstract: An intelligent education and simulation system which is capable of executing an optimized follow-up reeducation to the learner reflecting his/her idiosyncrasy toward understanding in learning. The intelligent education and simulation system has an execution instruction to execute a curriculum comprising a plurality of instruction courses regarding the subject teaching of an educational object and its simulation-based instruction. According to this execution instruction, intelligent computer assisted instruction of the subject teaching and the simulation-based instruction are implemented. The degree of understanding of these instructions by the learner is evaluated, and according to the degree of understanding thus comprehended, a pertinent follow-up instruction course(s) is chosen for reeducation. In this way, a pertinent reeducation instruction course(s) optimized for each learner is capable of being selected, and the time required for reeducation of the learner is minimized.