Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel method for producing a thin film in which the denseness of the thin film can be controlled. A method according to the present disclosure relates to a method for producing a thin film, including the steps (a) to (e) in this order: (a) providing an electrically conductive substrate; (b) using a first precursor to form a first layer on a surface of the electrically conductive substrate; (c) removing at least part of an unreacted material from the first layer; (d) electrochemically bonding a second precursor onto a surface of the electrically conductive substrate or to the first layer to form a second layer; and (e) repeating the steps (c) and (d).

Abstract: A biosensor that can perform analysis based on a sample noninvasively collected from a human body is provided. The biosensor comprises an identification substance (38) that binds to a substance to be detected (40), and an electrode (16) charged with a charge of the identification substance (38), comprises an inhibitor (39) that inhibits a substance not to be detected (42) from attaching to at least one of the identification substance (38) and the electrode (16), and detects a change in a charge density of the electrode (16) caused by binding of the substance to be detected (40) to the identification substance (38).

Abstract: A biosensor that can perform analysis based on a sample noninvasively collected from a human body is provided. The biosensor comprises an identification substance (38) that binds to a substance to be detected (40), and an electrode (16) charged with a charge of the identification substance (38), comprises an inhibitor (39) that inhibits a substance not to be detected (42) from attaching to at least one of the identification substance (38) and the electrode (16), and detects a change in a charge density of the electrode (16) caused by binding of the substance to be detected (40) to the identification substance (38).

Abstract: A biosensor that can perform analysis based on a sample noninvasively collected from a human body is provided. The biosensor comprises an identification substance (38) that binds to a substance to be detected (40), and an electrode (16) charged with a charge of the identification substance (38), comprises an inhibitor (39) that inhibits a substance not to be detected (42) from attaching to at least one of the identification substance (38) and the electrode (16), and detects a change in a charge density of the electrode (16) caused by binding of the substance to be detected (40) to the identification substance (38).

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] A biosensor having high detection sensitivity and detection specificity is provided. [Solution] There is provided a biosensor comprising: an identification substance capable of binding to a substance to be detected; and an electrode charged with a charge of the identification substance, and detecting a change in a charge density of the electrode caused by binding of the substance to be detected to the identification substance, wherein a polymer layer in which a molecular template having a structure complementary to a molecular structure of the substance to be detected is formed is formed on all or part of a surface of the electrode, the identification substance is contained in the polymer layer, and the polymer layer is an ultrathin film layer.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] Provided is a higher sensitive biosensor, in which a trace amount of non-invasively collected body fluid sample can be used, and even in a case where such a trace amount of sample is used, or even in a case where the concentration of an object substance to be measured in a sample is low, the object substance can be measured with high accuracy. [Solution] A biosensor 100 for measuring an object substance contained in a body fluid comprises: a molecule identification member 110 which is permeable to the body fluid, and has a molecule identification element 113 that can interact with the object substance contained in the permeated body fluid; and a detection element 120, which is connectable with the molecule identification member 110, and detects a change generated as a result of the interaction of the molecule identification element 113 with the object substance.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] A biosensor having high detection sensitivity and detection specificity is provided. [Solution] There is provided a biosensor comprising: an identification substance capable of binding to a substance to be detected; and an electrode charged with a charge of the identification substance, and detecting a change in a charge density of the electrode caused by binding of the substance to be detected to the identification substance, wherein a polymer layer in which a molecular template having a structure complementary to a molecular structure of the substance to be detected is formed is formed on all or part of a surface of the electrode, the identification substance is contained in the polymer layer, and the polymer layer is an ultrathin film layer.

Abstract: A sampling unit having a first receiving part (16) and a second receiving part (18), which receive a sample solution and are disposed separately from each other, wherein the first receiving part (16) comprises an identification substance (22) that binds to a substance to be detected, and separates the substance to be detected from substances not to be detected in the sample solution, and the second receiving part (18) is connected with a reference electrode (21) via a salt bridge part (25).

Abstract: A sampling unit having a first receiving part (16) and a second receiving part (18), which receive a sample solution and are disposed separately from each other, wherein the first receiving part (16) comprises an identification substance (22) that binds to a substance to be detected, and separates the substance to be detected from substances not to be detected in the sample solution, and the second receiving part (18) is connected with a reference electrode (21) via a salt bridge part (25).

Abstract: A biosensor that can perform analysis based on a sample noninvasively collected from a human body is provided. The biosensor comprises an identification substance (38) that binds to a substance to be detected (40), and an electrode (16) charged with a charge of the identification substance (38), comprises an inhibitor (39) that inhibits a substance not to be detected (42) from attaching to at least one of the identification substance (38) and the electrode (16), and detects a change in a charge density of the electrode (16) caused by binding of the substance to be detected (40) to the identification substance (38).

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] Provided is a higher sensitive biosensor, in which a trace amount of non-invasively collected body fluid sample can be used, and even in a case where such a trace amount of sample is used, or even in a case where the concentration of an object substance to be measured in a sample is low, the object substance can be measured with high accuracy. [Solution] A biosensor 100 for measuring an object substance contained in a body fluid comprises: a molecule identification member 110 which is permeable to the body fluid, and has a molecule identification element 113 that can interact with the object substance contained in the permeated body fluid; and a detection element 120, which is connectable with the molecule identification member 110, and detects a change generated as a result of the interaction of the molecule identification element 113 with the object substance.

Abstract: There is provided a cell measuring apparatus that can measure cells efficiently. In a cell measuring apparatus 1 provided with an FET sensor 2, an accommodating cavity 21 that can accommodate a cell 15, is provided on a measuring section 20 on which cells immersed in a solution are mounted. The accommodating cavity 21 is formed in a mortar shape. By accommodating a cell 15 in the accommodating cavity 21, the cells 15 can be easily separated, so that measurement can be performed for each cell 15. Therefore the state of the respective cells can be more efficiently measured.

Abstract: Since conventional DNA sequence analyzing technologies are based on the fundamental principle of fluorescent detection, expensive, complex optical systems and laser sources have been necessary. A field-effect device for gene detection of the present invention analyzes a base sequence by immobilizing a single-strand nucleic acid probe at a gate portion, inducing hybridization at the gate portion to form a double-stranded DNA, inducing elongation reaction by adding a DNA polymerase and one of the substrates, and measuring the electrical characteristic of the field-effect device caused by elongation reaction. Since the elongation reaction of one base induced at the gate portion can be directly converted to an electrical signal, expensive lasers or complex optical systems are not needed. Thus, a small gene polymorphism detection system that can conduct measurement at high precision can be provided.

Abstract: A gene detection field-effect device provided with an insulation film (2), a semiconductor substrate (3), and a reference electrode (4), includes: (a) the insulation film (2) including a nucleic acid probe (5) immobilized on one of the surfaces thereof and is in contact with a sample solution (6) containing at least one type of a target gene (601) for detection and analysis; (b) the semiconductor substrate (3) being installed so as to abut against the other surface of the insulation film (2); and (c) the reference electrode (4) being provided in the sample solution (6).

Abstract: A gene detection field-effect device provided with an insulation film (2), a semiconductor substrate (3), and a reference electrode (4), includes: (a) the insulation film (2) including a nucleic acid probe (5) immobilized on one of the surfaces thereof and is in contact with a sample solution (6) containing at least one type of a target gene (601) for detection and analysis; (b) the semiconductor substrate (3) being installed so as to abut against the other surface of the insulation film (2); and (c) the reference electrode (4) being provided in the sample solution (6).

Abstract: A gene detection field-effect device provided with an insulation film (2), a semiconductor substrate (3), and a reference electrode (4), includes:(a) the insulation film (2) including a nucleic acid probe (5) immobilized on one of the surfaces thereof and is in contact with a sample solution (6) containing at least one type of a target gene (601) for detection and analysis; (b) the semiconductor substrate (3) being installed so as to abut against the other surface of the insulation film (2); and (c) the reference electrode (4) being provided in the sample solution (6).

Abstract: Since conventional DNA sequence analyzing technologies are based on the fundamental principle of fluorescent detection, expensive, complex optical systems and laser sources have been necessary. A field-effect device for gene detection of the present invention analyzes a base sequence by immobilizing a single-strand nucleic acid probe at a gate portion, inducing hybridization at the gate portion to form a double-stranded DNA, inducing elongation reaction by adding a DNA polymerase and one of the substrates, and measuring the electrical characteristic of the field-effect device caused by elongation reaction. Since the elongation reaction of one base induced at the gate portion can be directly converted to an electrical signal, expensive lasers or complex optical systems are not needed. Thus, a small gene polymorphism detection system that can conduct measurement at high precision can be provided.

Abstract: An inexpensive DNA chip/DNA microarray system capable of highly accurate measurement with low running cost. A DNA probe 8 is immobilized on a floating electrode 7 connected to a gate electrode 5 of a field effect transistor. Hybridization with a target gene is carried out on the surface of the floating electrode, when a change in surface charge density is detected using a field effect.