Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which has excellent water repellency for quickly supplying and removing a reaction gas, and conductivity for efficiently conducting generated electrical power, a membrane-electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a method for producing the same, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and the present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode comprising a nonwoven fabric, a porous fluororesin, and a carbon material.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a cell, a production method for a fuel cell to produce a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having high electric generating performance, the present invention provides a cell for a fuel cell comprising an electrolyte membrane, conductive porous members in a sheet shape or a plate shape which are laminated so as to sandwich the electrolyte membrane, and contains an ion catalyst at least the electrolyte membrane side, and separators in a sheet shape which are laminated so as to sandwich the electrolyte membrane and conductive porous members and comprises a supplying opening and a discharging opening for fluid, wherein at least one of the conductive porous members is a conductive fiber-containing porous member comprising a binder resin and conductive fibers, and the conductive fiber-containing porous member comprises an orientation layer in which conductive fibers are orientated along a flow direction of the fluid.

Abstract: The invention provides a gas diffusion electrode that has an excellent ability to repel water so that reaction gas is rapidly supplied and removed, and excellent conductance so that the generated electricity is efficiently transferred, and provides a gas diffusion electrode, a membrane-electrolyte assembly, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and methods for producing the same, that retain favorable gas permeability and mechanical strength, and thus can favorably maintain cell properties. A gas diffusion electrode includes a fluororesin film in which at least carbon material has been dispersed, in which the fluororesin has a plurality of voids. A first gas diffusion electrode of the invention includes a porous fluororesin film. A second gas diffusion electrode of the invention has a fluororesin film that has a plurality of through-holes and in which at least carbon material is dispersed.

Abstract: An organic EL device is disclosed with high brightness and long life, for which a specific compound represented by the formula (I): where R1 to R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group; or R1 to R4 may be coupled together to form a ring is used as a component material.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL device with high brightness and long life, for which a specific compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 to R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group; or R1 to R4 may be coupled together to form a ring is used as a component material.

Abstract: An organic EL device is disclosed with high brightness and long life, for which a specific compound represented by the formula (I): where R1 to R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group; or R1 to R4 may be coupled together to form a ring is used as a component material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magneto-optical element material composed of a magnetic garnet single crystal which is small in temperature dependency of a Faraday rotation angle, capable of being formed into a film by the LPE, and significantly small in wavelength dependency of a Faraday rotation angle in a specific composition region defined by. The magneto-optical element material is composed of a magnetic garnet single crystal expressed by a composition formula of R.sub.3-x Bi.sub.x Fe.sub.5-v-w-y Ma.sub.v Mb.sub.w Co.sub.y O.sub.12 where R indicates a rare earth element including yttrium, Ma is a trivalent cationic element, and Mb is a tetravalent cationic element; and x, y, v and w satisfy relationships of 0.6.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.9, 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.47, 260y-88x+45.ltoreq.0, 500y-30x+37.ltoreq.0, 0.ltoreq.v.ltoreq.1.0, and 0.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.35. The material satisfying the following relationships of 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.28 and 800y-130x+45.ltoreq.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of making CO.sub.2 snow by injecting liquefied CO.sub.2 into a snow horn from the ceiling of the snow horn having an opening at the lower end to effect adiabatic expansion and an apparatus therefor. Liquefied CO.sub.2 is injected radially outward so that it may flow along the curved internal surface of the ceiling and continuously along the internal surface of the snow horn and that effusive flows of liquefied CO.sub.2 may flow independently at the inner upper part of the snow horn and may be combined partly with one another at the inner lower part of the snow horn.

Abstract: There are provided a derivative of a metal-encapsulated fullerene having application as a functional material, superconducting material, electronics material or pharmaceutical material, and a method of synthesizing this derivative. The derivative of a metal-encapsulated fullerene having the following structure is synthesized by adding a substituted diazomethane to a metal-encapsulated fullerene and denitrifying in a solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a material for a magneto-optical element, which is made of magnetic garnet single crystals being wide in a band width in a 1310 nm band and thereby being capable of coping with the wavelength multiplex communication at the wavelength band, and a Faraday rotator using the same. The material for a magneto-optical element is made of a magnetic garnet having a composition formula expressed by R.sub.3-y-x Sm.sub.y Bi.sub.x Fe.sub.5 O.sub.12, where R is one kind of rare earth elements including yttrium (Y), and "x" and "y" are constants defined by 0.3.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.9 and 0.4.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.2.7, the magnetic garnet being formed on a non-magnetic substrate by liquid-phase epitaxial growth. R is preferably one of Y, La, Sm and Lu. The Faraday rotator, which is used in a wavelength range of from 1250 to 1370 nm, is formed by superposing a film A made of LPE magnetic garnet single crystals expressed by a composition formula of R1.sub.3-x Bi.sub.x Fe.sub.5-z Z.sub.z O.sub.

Abstract: A resin material for optical instruments comprising a polycarbonate having the repeating units represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents ##STR2## has an extremely small birefringence particularly to oblique-incident lights.

Abstract: A mount for an earth magnetism sensor device for use in a bearing detecting apparatus which is to be provided on an automotive vehicle adapted to detect a horizontal component of the earth magnetism, characterized in that an axis of detecting a primary direction of the earth magnetism sensor means is offset in the horizontal direction in coincidence with an extent of magnetic declination at a given spot of observation with respect to a desired orientation by way of a map.