Abstract: This provides a proton conductive material capable of operating from a low temperature range to a middle temperature range and being produced easily at low cost and a process for producing the same. This also provides a hydrogen concentration cell, a hydrogen sensor and a fuel cell equipped with the proton conductive material. The proton conductive material contains the element of calcium, the element of sulfur and the element of hydrogen, respectively, and having a proton conductivity of not less than 10?6 S/cm at room temperature. The proton conductive material can contain Ca in an amount of not less than 10% by weight and not more than 45% by weight calculated as CaO, S in an amount of not less than 15% by weight and not more than 60% by weight calculated as SO3, and H in an amount of not less than 5% by weight and not more than 55% by weight calculated as H2O. The proton conductive material can also contain P in an amount of not less than 0.1% by weight and not more than 50% by weight calculated as P2O5.

Abstract: There is provided a continuous casting nozzle comprising a nozzle main body including a neck portion, a middle portion, and a lower portion, made of a refractory material having an inner bore through which molten metal flows, and a plurality of metal bars embedded along the longitudinal direction of the nozzle main body in at least one portion inside the refractory material forming the nozzle main body.

Abstract: A continuous casting nozzle for casting molten steel, wherein at least a surface layer of an inner bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with a molten steel is formed of a refractory comprising: an aggregate consisting essentially of alumina (Al2O3) or an aggregate comprising alumina (A12O3) as its main ingredient and melting point thereof being at least 1800 degree centigrade: from 15 to 60 wt. % and roseki as a balance. The refractory is added thermosetting resin as binder, kneaded, formed, and sintered in an anti-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: There is provided a continuous casting nozzle comprising a nozzle main body including a neck portion, a middle portion, and a lower portion, made of a refractory material having an inner bore through which molten metal flows, and a plurality of metal bars embedded along the longitudinal direction of the nozzle main body in at least one portion inside the refractory material forming the nozzle main body.

Abstract: A continuous casting nozzle for casting molten steel, wherein at least a surface layer of an inner bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with a molten steel is formed of a refractory comprising: an aggregate consisting essentially of zirconia (ZrO2), or comprising zirconia (ZrO2) as its main component and melting point thereof being at least 1750° C.: from 15 to 60 wt. %; and roseki as a balance. The refractory is added to a thermosetting resin as a binder, kneaded, formed, and sintered in an anti-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A continuous casting nozzle for casting molten steel, wherein the surface layer of the bore of said continuous casting nozzle contacting with the molten steel is formed of a refractory material comprising silicon carbide from 1 to 10 wt %, an aggregate comprising alumina or an aggregate which comprises alumina as main component whose melting point is not less than 1800 degree C. from 15 to 60 wt %, and roseki as a main component from 30 to 84 wt %.

Abstract: The invention is related to a continuous casting nozzle for casting of aluminum killed steel without clogging of the bore of the nozzle. The surface layer of the bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with the molten steel is composed of a refractory comprising graphite from 10 to 35 wt %, a neutral or basic aggregate from 30 to 50 wt % such as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and pottery stone as the remaining part of the refractory.

Abstract: The invention is related to a continuous casting nozzle for casting of aluminum killed steel without clogging of the bore of the nozzle. The surface layer of the bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with the molten steel is formed of a refractory comprising graphite from 10 to 35 wt %, an aggregate of 10 to 60 wt % selected from alumina matter, zirconia matter, zircon matter, or alumina-silica matter and roseki containing the pyrophyllite (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot.4SiO.sub.2 .multidot.H.sub.2 O) as the main component as the remaining part of the above mentioned materials.

Abstract: The invention is related to a continuous casting nozzle for casting of aluminum killed steel without clogging of the bore of the nozzle. The surface layer of the bore of the continuous casting nozzle contacting with the molten steel is formed of a refractory comprising graphite from 10 to 35 wt % and roseki as the remaining part of the graphite, and the main component of the roseki is pyrophyllite (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.4SiO.sub.2.H.sub.2 O) as mineral component. Further, silicon carbide from 1 to 10 wt % is contained in the refractory.

Abstract: A molten steel pouring nozzle having, along the axis thereof, a bore through which molten steel flows. At least part of an inner portion of the molten steel pouring nozzle, which inner portion forms the bore, is formed of a refractory consisting essentially of:zirconia clinker comprising calcium zirconate: from 40 to 64.9 wt. %,where, a content of calcium oxide in the zirconia clinker being within a range of from 8 to 35 weight parts relative to 100 weight parts of the zirconia clinker,graphite: from 10 to 35 wt. %, andcalcium silicate: from 25.1 to 50 wt. %,where, a content of calcium oxide in the calcium silicate being within a range of from 40 to 54 weight parts relative to 100 weight parts of the calcium silicate.