Abstract: An encoding step and an image selection step are performed by a computer 20. In the encoding step, a plurality of partial images D2 of an object are input to a learned VAE model M, and the plurality of partial images D2 are encoded to a plurality of latent variables in a multi-dimensional latent space. In the image selection step, one or more partial images D2 that are likely to include an alignment mark are selected on the basis of a distribution of the plurality of latent variables in the latent space. Thus, a partial image that is likely to include an alignment mark is automatically detected by the computer 20 with the use of the VAE model M. This can lighten a burden on an operator who searches for an alignment mark.

Abstract: A training device includes a data acquirer that acquires training data including a first image of a first type and a second image of a second type that is different from the first type, a first trainer that repeats an epoch for causing the first image and the second image to be learned under a same condition multiple times, and a second trainer that repeats an epoch for training a trained learning model generated by the first trainer with a rate of error back-propagation in regard to the first image and a rate of error back-propagation in regard to the second image being made different from each other.

Abstract: A measuring device for measuring an inspection target on the basis of vibration generated when the inspection target has been irradiated with laser light includes a condensing position deriving portion configured to derive an amount of adjustment of a distance between condensing lenses of a laser condensing unit configured to condense the laser light on the basis of a distance between a laser device configured to radiate the laser light and an irradiation location of the laser light and a communicating portion configured to transmit control information including information representing the amount of adjustment to the laser condensing unit.

Abstract: An optical system (OL) comprises a first lens group (G1) having positive refractive power, an aperture stop (S), and a rear group (GR) that are arranged in order from the object side along an optical axis, the rear group (GR) comprising a first focusing lens group (GF1) that moves along the optical axis during focusing, and a second focusing lens group (GF2) that is disposed closer to the image side than the first focusing lens group (GF1) and moves along the optical axis during focusing, and the optical system satisfies the following conditional expression. 0.03<D1/TL<0.25 where D1 is a distance on the optical axis from a lens surface closest to the object side to a lens surface closest to the image side in the first lens group (G1), and TL is the entire length of the optical system (OL).

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a device for forming at least a diamond film on a surface of a substrate, the device comprising: a container configured to hold a raw material liquid and to place the substrate in the raw material liquid; an electrode part comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode and configured to generate a plasma in the raw material liquid; a raw material gas supply part and a carrier gas supply part, each of the raw material gas supply part and the carrier gas supply part being connected to the electrode part; and a power source configured to apply a voltage to the electrode part, wherein the power source is a direct current power source, and the electrode part further comprises an adjunctive member, and the adjunctive member is attached to an electrode at a plasma generation region of the electrode part.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens (ZL) including, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group (G1) having negative refractive power; a second lens group (G2) having positive refractive power, and a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power. At least the first lens group (G1) and the second lens group (G2) are moved along the optical axis upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, so that the distance between the first lens group (G1) and the second lens group (G2) decreases, and the distance between the second lens group (G2) and the third lens group (G3) increases, the first lens (G2) includes one positive lens, and the second lens (G2) includes one negative lens.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens (ZL) including, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group (G1) having negative refractive power; a second lens group (G2) having positive refractive power, and a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power. At least the first lens group (G1) and the second lens group (G2) are moved along the optical axis upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, so that the distance between the first lens group (G1) and the second lens group (G2) decreases, and the distance between the second lens group (G2) and the third lens group (G3) increases, the first lens (G2) includes one positive lens, and the second lens (G2) includes one negative lens.

Abstract: A zoom lens ZL having, in order from an object: a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power; a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power; and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power, wherein, upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state, at least the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 move along the optical axis so that the distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 decreases, and the distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 increases, the lens closest to the object in the second lens group G2 is a positive lens, and the object side lens surface of this positive lens is an aspherical surface of which radius of curvature increases in a direction from the optical axis to the periphery of the lens.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side along an optical axis: a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power; a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power; and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 varies, and a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 varies, and a given conditional expression is satisfied.

Abstract: A zoom lens ZL having, in order from an object: a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power; a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power; and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power, wherein, upon zooming from the wide-angle end state to the telephoto end state, at least the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 move along the optical axis so that the distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 decreases, and the distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 increases, the lens closest to the object in the second lens group G2 is a positive lens, and the object side lens surface of this positive lens is an aspherical surface of which radius of curvature increases in a direction from the optical axis to the periphery of the lens.

Abstract: An information processor according to the present invention is designed to operate in accordance with a right to use a content that is stored on a first storage medium. The first storage medium has a write-once area on which right-to-use information is writable a limited number of times, and a data area on which data of the content is stored. The information processor includes: a second storage medium; a right-to-use information generating section, which generates right-to-use information indicating whether the first storage medium or the second storage medium holds the right to use the content; and a drive device that writes the right-to-use information on the write-once area.

Abstract: A display device includes a first measurement unit measuring information on luminance of a first image signal to output a first measurement result, a second measurement unit measuring information on a luminance of a second image signal to output a second measurement result, a comparator comparing the first measurement result with the second measurement result to output differential data, a correction amount determination unit determining a correction amount for the first image signal and/or the second image signal based on the differential data, and a correction unit correcting the luminance of the first image signal and/or the second image signal based on the correction amount.

Abstract: A current driving device comprises; a three-terminal regulator configuration circuit operative as a three-terminal regulator which drops a voltage of a first electric power supply to a predetermined target output voltage in a state where a main terminal and a control terminal of a power transistor are connected to a main terminal connection terminal and a control terminal connection terminal, respectively; a voltage setting circuit which sets a control voltage corresponding to a target output voltage which is applied from the three-terminal regulator configuration circuit to the control terminal of the power transistor; and a voltage restricting circuit which is connected to the control terminal connection terminal and controls the control voltage applied to the control terminal of the power transistor so that the output voltage of the three-terminal regulator configuration circuit becomes a predetermined voltage or less, upon being supplied with the electric power from the first electric power supply.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side along an optical axis: a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power; a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power; and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2 varies, and a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 varies, and a given conditional expression is satisfied.

Abstract: Providing a zoom lens system being compact with high optical performance, an optical apparatus using the same, and a method for zooming the zoom lens system. The system includes, in order from an object along an optical axis, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state W to a telephoto end state T, each distance between adjacent lens groups is varied. Given conditional expression is satisfied.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprising, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; and a third lens group having a positive refractive power; the following conditional expression being satisfied: 0.6<Ymax×ft/f12<1.0 where Ymax denotes the maximum image height of the zoom lens system, ft denotes a focal length of the zoom lens system in a telephoto end state, and f1 denotes a focal length of the first lens group.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprising, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; and a third lens group having a positive refractive power; the following conditional expression being satisfied: 0.6<Ymax×ft/fl2<1.0 where Ymax denotes the maximum image height of the zoom lens system, ft denotes a focal length of the zoom lens system in a telephoto end state, and fl denotes a focal length of the first lens group.

Abstract: Providing a zoom lens system being compact with high optical performance, an optical apparatus using the same, and a method for zooming the zoom lens system. The system includes, in order from an object along an optical axis, a first lens group G1 having negative refractive power, a second lens group G2 having positive refractive power, and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state W to a telephoto end state T, each distance between adjacent lens groups is varied. Given conditional expression is satisfied.

Abstract: In carrying out PWM-recording on optical disks, RESYNC BYTES including a bit compensation part, RESYNC detection part, and bit synchronization part are periodically inserted in the recorded data code stream. After encoding and at the time of decoding, RESYNC BYTES are detected by detection of the RESYNC detection part. The decoder is initialized by detecting the position of the bit synchronization part, and decoding is performed satisfactorily free from error. With this configuration, even for synchronization bytes having a comparatively long portion of consecutive code values, bit resynchronization is enabled free from mis-detection caused by peak shift. Even with the recording and reproducing characteristics with an un-symmetrical unerased area of the mark and space parts, the RESYNC detection part is fixed to either mark or space and RESYNC BYTES with little influence on an unerased area can be realized.

Abstract: In carrying out PWM-recording on optical disks, RESYNC BYTES including a bit compensation part, RESYNC detection part, and bit synchronization part are periodically inserted in the recorded data code stream. After encoding and at the time of decoding, RESYNC BYTES are detected by detection of the RESYNC detection part. The decoder is initialized by detecting the position of the bit synchronization part, and decoding is performed satisfactorily free from error. With this configuration, even for synchronization bytes having a comparatively long portion of consecutive code values, bit resynchronization is enabled free from mis-detection caused by peak shift. Even with the recording and reproducing characteristics with an un-symmetrical unerased area of the mark and space parts, the RESYNC detection part is fixed to either mark or space and RESYNC BYTES with little influence on an unerased area can be realized.