Abstract: Semiconductor devices and multiply-accumulate operation devices are disclosed. In one example, a semiconductor device includes synapses in which a nonvolatile variable resistance element taking a first resistance value and a second resistance value lower than the first resistance value and a fixed resistance element having a resistance value higher than the second resistance value are connected in series. An output line outputs a sum of currents flowing through the plurality of synapses.

Abstract: A cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of the image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a frame having an opening for exposing the image bearing member; a movable shutter member movable between a closing position for closing the opening and an open position for opening the opening; and a holding portion for abutting to the shutter member to hold the shutter member at the closing position, wherein the shutter member is elastically deformable to ride over the holding portion to permit the shutter member to move from the closing position to the open position.

Abstract: A cartridge includes: a first frame member which has an opening through which a developer accommodated therein is fed; a sealing member which seals the opening and which is pulled out to unseal the opening; a second frame member which sandwiches the sealing member with the first frame member; a welding portion which is formed on one of the first frame member and the second frame member and adapted to weld the first frame member and the second frame member at an area outside the opening; and a sandwiching portion which is formed on one of the first frame member and the second frame member and which is melted with the welding of the welding portion at an area outside the opening and inside the welding portion to sandwich the sealing member between the first frame member and the second frame member.

Abstract: A cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of the image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a frame having an opening for exposing the image bearing member; a movable shutter member movable between a closing position for closing the opening and an open position for opening the opening; and a holding portion for abutting to the shutter member to hold the shutter member at the closing position, wherein the shutter member is elastically deformable to ride over the holding portion to permit the shutter member to move from the closing position to the open position.

Abstract: A cartridge includes: a first frame member which has an opening through which a developer accommodated therein is fed; a sealing member which seals the opening and which is pulled out to unseal the opening; a second frame member which sandwiches the sealing member with the first frame member; a welding portion which is formed on one of the first frame member and the second frame member and adapted to weld the first frame member and the second frame member at an area outside the opening; and a sandwiching portion which is formed on one of the first frame member and the second frame member and which is melted with the welding of the welding portion at an area outside the opening and inside the welding portion to sandwich the sealing member between the first frame member and the second frame member.