Abstract: To provide a pulse tube refrigerator for enhancing refrigeration capacity. A pulse tube refrigerator includes a pressure-waveform generating device 1 for generating a pressure waveform of refrigerant gas, pulse tubes 14, 20 into which refrigerant gas with pressure waveforms flow, one of whose ends is adapted to a low-temperature end, and the other one of whose ends is adapted to a high-temperature end, cold accumulators 8, 10 for pre-cooling the refrigerant gas to be flowed into the pulse tubes 14, 20, a pressure-waveform phase controlling element having a buffer tank 23 communicating with the high-temperature end of the pulse tube 20, and controlling a pressure-waveform phase of the refrigerant gas for generating refrigeration at the low-temperature end of the pulse tube 20, and a vacuum heat-insulation bath 24 having a vacuum heat-insulation chamber 24w for accommodating the pulse tube 20. The buffer tank 23 is placed within the vacuum heat-insulation chamber 24w of the vacuum heat-insulation bath 24.

Abstract: A linear actuator, in which a plurality of electromagnets where coils are wound around magnetic materials are provided so as to face each other in a manner where the polarities N and S of the electromagnets alternate at the time of excitation, and magnetic poles of a plurality of permanent magnets that are aligned so as to form a movable member are placed in positions that face the plurality of magnetic poles, in which the permanent magnets extend beyond the portions where the magnetic poles of the electromagnets are provided so as to face and therefore effects are attained that a stable force of magnetic attraction in the direction of the stroke is obtained and peeling and cracking of the permanent magnet are prevented.

Abstract: In a starter, a cylindrical tube is slidablly engaged with an outer peripheral surface of an output shaft through a bearing in an axial direction. A front end of the tube, which supports a pinion, is closed to define an enclosed space between the front end of the tube and an end of the output shaft. A ventilation groove is formed on an inner cylindrical surface of the tube to communicate the enclosed space with a space defined rearward of the bearing. The ventilation groove has a helical shape twisted about an axis of the tube. When the bearing is press-fitted in the tube, a direction of press-fitting the tube and a direction along the ventilation groove do not coincide, but cross each other.

Abstract: In a starter, a pinion is fitted on a pinion shaft such that a rear end surface of the pinion is pressed against a thrust receiving wall provided on the pinion shaft, while a front end surface of the pinion is pressed backward by a detent ring. The detent ring has a tapered surface and fitted in a recess provided on a pinion shaft. A front rising wall defining the recess has a tapered wall so as to correspond to the tapered surface. Since resiliency of the detent ring constricting radially inward is applied to the tapered wall, a component force of the resiliency pressing the pinion axially backward is generated. Thus, the pinion is restricted from moving axially backward by pressing a rear end surface against a thrust receiving wall of the pinion shaft, while the front side surface of the pinion is pressed axially backward through the detent ring.

Abstract: In a starter, a cylindrical tube is slidablly engaged with an outer peripheral surface of an output shaft through a bearing in an axial direction. A front end of the tube, which supports a pinion, is closed to define an enclosed space between the front end of the tube and an end of the output shaft. A ventilation groove is formed on an inner cylindrical surface of the tube to communicate the enclosed space with a space defined rearward of the bearing. The ventilation groove has a helical shape twisted about an axis of the tube. When the bearing is press-fitted in the tube, a direction of press-fitting the tube and a direction along the ventilation groove do not coincide, but cross each other.

Abstract: In a starter, a pinion is fitted on a pinion shaft such that a rear end surface of the pinion is pressed against a thrust receiving wall provided on the pinion shaft, while a front end surface of the pinion is pressed backward by a detent ring. The detent ring has a tapered surface and fitted in a recess provided on a pinion shaft. A front rising wall defining the recess has a tapered wall so as to correspond to the tapered surface. Since resiliency of the detent ring constricting radially inward is applied to the tapered wall, a component force of the resiliency pressing the pinion axially backward is generated. Thus, the pinion is restricted from moving axially backward by pressing a rear end surface against a thrust receiving wall of the pinion shaft, while the front side surface of the pinion is pressed axially backward through the detent ring.

Abstract: A hydraulic anti-skid apparatus for automotive vehicles includes a cut-off valve disposed within a braking circuit connecting a master cylinder to a wheel brake cylinder, a bypass valve disposed within a bypass passage of the braking circuit, first and second pistons respectively arranged to control opening and closing operations of the cut-off valve and the bypass valve, the first and second pistons each being arranged to be applied at one end thereof with a hydraulic braking pressure from the master cylinder and at the other end thereof with a hydraulic power pressure from a fluid pump, a solenoid valve arranged to apply the power pressure to the first piston in its deactivated condition and to connect the first piston to a fluid reservoir in its activated condition, a regulator valve arranged to control the power pressure applied to the first and second pistons in accordance with the braking pressure applied thereto, the regulator valve including a booster piston assembly having a small diameter portion ap

Abstract: A hydraulic anti-skid apparatus which includes a cut-off valve disposed within a braking circuit connecting a master cylinder to a wheel brake cylinder, a bypass valve disposed within a bypass passage of the braking circuit, first and second pistons respectively arranged to control opening and closing operations of the cut-off valve and the bypass valve, the first and second pistons each being arranged to be applied at one end thereof with a hydraulic braking pressure from the master cylinder and at the other end thereof with a hydraulic power pressure from a fluid pump, a solenoid valve arranged to apply the power pressure to the first piston in its deactivated condition and to connect the first piston to a fluid reservoir in its activated condition, and a regulator valve arranged to control the power pressure applied to the first and second pistons in accordance with the braking pressure applied thereto.

Abstract: An antiskid control apparatus for an automobile has a motor controlled by a computer for actuating a pump to produce a working fluid pressure in an antiskid control mode. In the antiskid control mode, fluid actuators coupled between a brake master cylinder and wheel cylinders of automobile wheels are controlled by the working fluid pressure to increase and reduce the fluid pressure applied to the wheel cylinders in a cyclic manner until the wheels are no longer subject to a skid.