Abstract: The invention provides a holder for a polished work in which the warpage suppression or plate thickness accuracy of the holder for a polished work is improved, the generation of scratches in a polished work is suppressed so as to improve the abrasion resistance, and furthermore, economic advantages are provided. The holder for a polished work of the invention includes a first resin layer produced by impregnating a first resin composition into a first fiber base material, and heating and pressurizing the first fiber base material as an outermost layer, the first fiber base material is a glass fiber base material, and a structure derived from a resin having a novolac skeleton is included in a proportion of 50 mass % or more in the first resin layer excluding the first fiber base material.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for continuously manufacturing a thermoplastic resin film product of any width having a small film thickness and uniform flat surface at an excellent yield. A tubular resin film cutting and winding device for cutting a tubular resin film 1a into a helical shape and winding a long film 1b, comprising a cutting device having a cutting member 2 for cutting a tubular resin film 1a; a winding device 4 for winding the cut long film 1b; and a guide rollers 3 for guiding the cut long film to the winding device, wherein the cutting member 2 and the guide rollers 3 have a mechanism for rotation in the circumferential direction of the tubular resin film.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for continuously manufacturing a thermoplastic resin film product of any width having a small film thickness and uniform flat surface at an excellent yield. A tubular resin film cutting and winding device for cutting a tubular resin film 1a into a helical shape and winding a long film 1b, comprising a cutting device having a cutting member 2 for cutting a tubular resin film 1a; a winding device 4 for winding the cut long film 1b; and a guide rollers 3 for guiding the cut long film to the winding device, wherein the cutting member 2 and the guide rollers 3 have a mechanism for rotation in the circumferential direction of the tubular resin film.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus is provided for manufacturing a tubular resin film of high quality and little thickness variations, which is stretched and given an orientation, and suitable as retardation film or the like. It comprises a stretching section (6) for stretching the tubular resin film (20), and a maintaining section (7) for maintaining a shape of said tubular resin film (20) stretched. Further, said stretching section (6) is arranged to apply a stretching force to said tubular resin film for longitudinally and/or circumferentially stretching said tubular resin film (20).

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method are provided for manufacturing stably from a thermoplastic resin a resin film product having a small and uniform thickness and smooth surfaces, which has been impossible with a conventional tube extruding method or and blown film extrusion method. It comprises a heating extruder (1) for extruding a molten thermoplastic resin in a tubular form, and a core unit (2) opposed to an inner surface of said thermoplastic resin extruded in the tubular form, and molding said thermoplastic resin to a tubular resin film (20) while exuding a gas to said inner surface. A stabilizing device (4) is disposed between a nozzle (3) of said heating extruder (1) and said core unit (2) for stabilizing a shape of said thermoplastic resin extruded in the tubular form.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method are provided for manufacturing stably from a thermoplastic resin a resin film product having a small and uniform thickness and smooth surfaces, which has been impossible with a conventional tube extruding method or and blown film extrusion method. It comprises a heating extruder (1) for extruding a molten thermoplastic resin in a tubular form, and a core unit (2) opposed to an inner surface of said thermoplastic resin extruded in the tubular form, and molding said thermoplastic resin to a tubular resin film (20) while exuding a gas to said inner surface. A stabilizing device (4) is disposed between a nozzle (3) of said heating extruder (1) and said core unit (2) for stabilizing a shape of said thermoplastic resin extruded in the tubular form.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus is provided for manufacturing a tubular resin film of high quality and little thickness variations, which is stretched and given an orientation, and suitable as retardation film or the like. It comprises a stretching section (6) for stretching the tubular resin film (20), and a maintaining section (7) for maintaining a shape of said tubular resin film (20) stretched. Further, said stretching section (6) is arranged to apply a stretching force to said tubular resin film for longitudinally and/or circumferentially stretching said tubular resin film (20).

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method are provided for manufacturing stably from a thermoplastic resin a resin film product having a small and uniform thickness and smooth surfaces, which has been impossible with a conventional tube extruding method or and blown film extrusion method. It comprises a heating extruder (1) for extruding a molten thermoplastic resin in a tubular form, and a core unit (2) opposed to an inner surface of said thermoplastic resin extruded in the tubular form, and molding said thermoplastic resin to a tubular resin film (20) while exuding a gas to said inner surface. A stabilizing device (4) is disposed between a nozzle (3) of said heating extruder (1) and said core unit (2) for stabilizing a shape of said thermoplastic resin extruded in the tubular form.

Abstract: The liquid crystal composition of the invention contains at least two compounds represented by the following formula (A) and each having different structures, one or more methylene group in the alkylene group R1 may be substituted with —O— groups, not less than 50% by weight, and has a transmitted light quantity I32 satisfying the condition of 0.5≦I32≦0.50, wherein R1 is an alkyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms; m is 0 or 1; Z is a —COO— group or a —CH2O— group; X is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group; and R2 is a group selected from the group consisting of a straight-chain alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an ether group represented by —(CH2)p—O—(CH2)qCH3 and an alkene group wherein a terminal ethyl group consisting a straight-chain alkyl group of 2 to 5 carbon atoms is replaced with a group having a C═C double bond.

Abstract: The invention to provide novel tetralin compounds, liquid crystal materials and liquid crystal compositions, which can constitute a liquid crystal element affording a wide operating temperature range, a high switching speed and a small consumption of electric power as well as a stable contrast.The tetralin compound of the invention is represented by the following formula [I] ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group or a polyfluoroalkyl group of 3-20 carbon atoms (wherein one --CH.sub.2 -- or 2 or more --CH.sub.2 -- or --CF.sub.2 -- not adjacent to each other in these groups may be substituted with --O--), X is --COO--, --O-- or a single bond, A is each independently selected from ##STR2## (Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are hydrogen or fluorine), Y is a group selected from --COO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, R.sup.1 * is an optically active group represented by the formula --C*H--(CF.sub.3)--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 [II].

Abstract: Disclosed is a polycyclic compound represented by the following formula (I):R.sup.1 --X.sup.1 --[A.sup.1 --X.sup.2 ]--[A.sup.2 --X.sup.3 ]--R.sup.2 (I)wherein R.sup.1 is a (halogenated) alkyl group of 6 to 16 carbon atoms, X.sup.1 is --O-- group or a single bond, A.sup.1 is a biphenylene group, a phenylene group or the like, A.sup.2 is 1-fluoro-3,4-dihydronaphthalene or the like, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are each --COO--, a single bond or the like, and R.sup.2 is an optically active group of 4 to 20 carbon atoms which has at least one asymmetric carbon atom. Also disclosed are a liquid crystal material consisting of the polycyclic compound, a liquid crystal composition comprising the liquid crystal material, and a liquid crystal element. This novel polycyclic compound is optically active and capable of being in a smectic phase in a wide temperature range including room temperature. The polycyclic compound can be used as a ferroelectric liquid crystal material or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material.