Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition having a structure defined by , where symbolizes a covalent bond to a neighboring atom, R2 is a functional group derived from at least one of a homocyclic molecule, a heterocyclic molecule, a polycyclic molecule, an aliphatic molecule, and/or an organo-phosphorous molecule, 1 ? x ? 1000, and 2 ? z ? 1000.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a silicon nanoparticle that includes a core of silicon having an outer surface that includes *SiH3-xRx, where *Si is a silicon atom on the outer surface of the core, the first layer covers at least a portion of the outer surface, R is a ligand that includes at least one of —O—R?, —C—R?, —N—R?, —Si—R?, and/or —S—R?, and R? is a functional group that includes at least one of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a silicon nanoparticle that includes a core of silicon having an outer surface that includes *SiH3-xRx, where *Si is a silicon atom on the outer surface of the core, the first layer covers at least a portion of the outer surface, R is a ligand that includes at least one of —O—R?, —C—R?, —N—R?, —Si—R?, and/or —S—R?, and R? is a functional group that includes at least one of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus.

Abstract: A system for cleaning an interior of a boiler may include a lance tube operatively coupled to one or more positioning devices, and a cleaning tip coupled to one or more insertion devices. The lance tube may include a distal end from which pressurized water flows out of the lance tube into the interior of the boiler. The one or more positioning devices may be configured for moving the distal end of the lance tube in an X direction and/or a Y direction relative to a wall of the boiler to direct the flow of water from the distal end of the lance tube. The one or more insertion devices may be configured for moving the cleaning tip between a retracted position and an extended position.

Abstract: Multigrade lubricating oils for use in lubricating internal combustion engines, using basestocks with low levels (<75 mass %) of saturated hydrocarbons, comprise less than 3 mass % of ashless dispersant derived from a polymer of number average molecular weight (Mn) of not greater than 5000, and a viscosity modifier package to give the desired viscometrics comprising at least one multifunctional viscosity modifier. These oils meet stringent engine performance requirements and specifically give adequate varnish inhibition without very high treat levels of dispersants and/or use of specific detergent systems so avoiding problems of oxidation stability, compatibility and engine performance debits.

Abstract: A multi-functional gasolene detergent composition providing good balance of properties leading to reduced engine deposits, little or no valve stick, and without effect on Octane Requirement Increase. The composition contains an polyisobutenyl succinimide detergent, a mono end-capped polypropylene glycol as the carrier oil and a hydrocarbon solvent.