Abstract: A package structure and method for forming the same are provided. The package structure includes a first through via structure formed in a substrate and a semiconductor die formed below the first through via structure. The package structure further includes a conductive structure formed in a passivation layer over the substrate. The conductive structure includes a first via portion and a second via portion, the first via portion is directly over the first through via structure, and there is no conductive material directly below and in direct contact with the second via portion.

Abstract: When an access point associates with an electronic device, the access point may establish secure communication with the electronic device using a four-way handshake with the electronic device. Next, the access point may distribute secondary pairwise master keys (PMKs) to radio-frequency (RF)-neighbor access points of the access point in a wireless local area network, where the secondary PMKs facilitate fast basic service set (BSS) transitions with the electronic device when a handover occurs without using the four-way handshake to establish secure communication with the electronic device. Furthermore, when the access point receives information that indicates that the electronic device has associated with a second access point in the RF-neighbor access points of the access point, the access point provides instructions to delete the secondary PMKs at the RF-neighbor access points of the access point, and provides additional secondary PMKs to RF-neighbor access points of the second access point.

Abstract: An access point may utilize fast exchange of operation information with other access points in a wireless local area network (WLAN) to facilitate improved service. In particular, the access point may discover the other access points in a radio-frequency (RF) neighborhood using wireless communication. Then, the access point may exchange operational information with the other access points using dedicated connections. Subsequently, the access point may associate with the electronic device. If the access point determines that a basic-service-set (BSS) transition is warranted based on a criterion (such as the current number of associations with the access point), the access point may recommend one or more access points in the other access points for the electronic device to associate with based on the operational information, so that the electronic device is able to obtain improved communication performance relative to that provided by the access point.

Abstract: When an access point associates with an electronic device, the access point may establish secure communication with the electronic device using a four-way handshake with the electronic device. Next, the access point may distribute secondary pairwise master keys (PMKs) to radio-frequency (RF)-neighbor access points of the access point in a wireless local area network, where the secondary PMKs facilitate fast basic service set (BSS) transitions with the electronic device when a handover occurs without using the four-way handshake to establish secure communication with the electronic device. Furthermore, when the access point receives information that indicates that the electronic device has associated with a second access point in the RF-neighbor access points of the access point, the access point provides instructions to delete the secondary PMKs at the RF-neighbor access points of the access point, and provides additional secondary PMKs to RF-neighbor access points of the second access point.

Abstract: During operation, an electronic device may emulate client functionality associated with a virtual client in a wireless network, where emulating the client functionality includes generating a first frame that is compatible with a wireless communication protocol and is associated with fictious wireless communication with the virtual client. Then, the electronic device may provide, to a computer, a second frame that includes at least a portion of the first frame, where the second frame is compatible with a wired communication protocol. Next, the electronic device may receive, from the computer, a response message based at least in part on the first frame, where the response message includes information associated with a service provided by the computer. Moreover, the electronic device may assess the service based at least in part on the information and may selectively perform the remedial action based at least in part on the assessment.

Abstract: An access point may utilize fast exchange of operation information with other access points in a wireless local area network (WLAN) to facilitate improved service. In particular, the access point may discover the other access points in a radio-frequency (RF) neighborhood using wireless communication. Then, the access point may exchange operational information with the other access points using dedicated connections. Subsequently, the access point may associate with the electronic device. If the access point determines that a basic-service-set (BSS) transition is warranted based on a criterion (such as the current number of associations with the access point), the access point may recommend one or more access points in the other access points for the electronic device to associate with based on the operational information, so that the electronic device is able to obtain improved communication performance relative to that provided by the access point.