Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprises a binder resin and a colorant. The toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 65.degree. C. or lower. The binder resin comprises a styrene-acrylic copolymer formed from at least a styrenic monomer and a mixture of two or more acrylic monomers. The binder resin contains 10% by weight or more of THF insolubles. The amount of the styrenic monomer remaining in the toner is 0.005 part or less by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin component in the toner (50 ppm), and the amount of the acrylic monomers remaining in said toner is 0.001 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight or less of the binder resin component in the toner (10 ppm). At least one component of the mixture of acrylic monomers has a Q-value of 0.5 to less than 1.0 and the other has a Q-value of 0.3 to less than 0.5.This toner is excellent in the anti-off-set property to a fixing roller surface, good in fixability, giving high image density and little odor.

Abstract: An electrostatic image supporting member which supports an electrostatic image and a toner carrying member for conveying a magnetic toner are disposed in a development section with a specified gap therebetween. The toner carrying member has a base whose surface has an average surface roughness (Ra) of 1.0 to 3.0 .mu.m. A resin coating containing electrically conductive fine particles is formed on the base surface at a density of 4 to 12 g per 1 m.sup.2. The outer layer of the coating has an Ra from 0.8 to 3.0 .mu.m. The toner carrying member carries an electrically insulating magnetic toner containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic component, and satisfying the conditions of a volumetric average particle size of 4.5 to 8 .mu.m, a BET specific surface area of 1.8 to 3.5 m.sup.2 /g, a charge amount of -20 to -35 .mu.c/g, a loose-state apparent density of 0.40 to 0.52 g/cm.sup.3, and a true specific gravity of 1.45 to 1.8.

Abstract: A developer for developing electrostatic latent images is constituted by a toner, and negatively chargeable spherical resin particles having an average particle size of 0.03-1.0 micron and a volume resistivity of 10.sup.6 -10.sup.12 ohm.cm. The toner may comprise toner particles and hydrophobic inorganic fine powder, which is generally used in a larger amount than the negatively chargeable spherical resin particles. The negatively chargeable spherical resin particles function to provide a toner image which is faithful to an electrostatic latent image formed on a photosensitive member while preventing toner-sticking onto the photosensitive member preferably in combination with a contact-charging means for charging the photosensitive member.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is constituted from a binder resin, and a metal salt or a metal complex. Through the various interaction between the components, the toner is provided with unique viscoelastic properties including: a dynamic modulus G'.sub.120-200 at 120.degree.-200.degree. C. of 2.times.10.sup.3 or higher to below 5.times.10.sup.5 [dyne/cm.sup.2 ] as measured in the frequency range of 1.times.10.sup.-2 -1 (Hz); a loss modulus G".sub.120-200 at 120.degree.-200.degree. C. of 2.times.10.sup.3 or higher to below 5.times.10.sup.5 [dyne/cm.sup.2 ] as measured in the frequency range of 1.times.10.sup.-2 -1 (Hz); a dynamic modulus G'.sub.200 at 200.degree. C. and a frequency f satisfying an approximated linear relationship according to the least squares method of: logG'.sub.200 =a.multidot.log.multidot.f+log b, wherein a denotes a positive number of 0.25 or smaller and b denotes a constant; and a ratio (G'.sub.200)/(G'.sub.120) of below 0.25 wherein (G'.sub.

Abstract: A developer for developing electrostatic latent images is constituted by a toner, and negatively chargeable spherical resin particles having an average particle size of 0.03-1.0 micron and a volume resistivity of 10.sup.6 -10.sup.12 ohm.cm. The toner may comprise toner particles and hydrophobic inorganic fine powder, which is generally used in a larger amount than the negatively charageable spherical resin particles. The negatively chargeable spherical resin particles function to provide a toner image which is faithful to an electrostatic latent image formed on a photosensitive member while preventing toner-sticking onto the photosensitive member preferably in combination with a contact-charging means for charging the photosensitive member.

Abstract: A magnetic developer for developing an electrostatic latent image, including hydrophobic silica fine powder and an insulating magnetic toner comprising at least a binder resin and a magnetic material comprising spherical magnetic particles; wherein 0.16 to 1.6 wt. parts of the hydrophobic silica fine powder is mixed with 100 wt. parts of the insulating magnetic toner; the developer contains 17-60% by number of magnetic toner particles having a particles size of 5 microns of smaller, 5-50% by number of magnetic toner particles having a particle size of 6.35-10.08 microns, and 2.0% by volume or less of magnetic toner particles having a particle size of 12.7 microns or larger.

Abstract: A dry developer for developing electrostatic images comprises a) toner particles comprising 100 parts by weight of a binder resin and 1-20 parts by weight of polyalkylene having a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight of 2.0-10.0 and Z average molecular weight determined by gel permeation chromatography of 10,000-200,000, and containing 5-60% by weight of a component soluble in n-hexane at boiling point, kinetic friction coefficient of the toner particles being 0.20-0.50, and b) non-magnetic inorganic fine powders having BET specific surface area according to a nitrogen adsorbing method of 0.5-500 m.sup.2 /g.An image forming method comprises using the dry developer to develop electrostatic latent images on a photosensitive member having a surface hardness of 8 g or more, transferring the developed images to a receiving member, and removing the toner particles remaining on the photosensitive member by a cleaning means accompanying abrasion.

Abstract: A negative chargeable developer for developing electrostatic latent images, comprises a toner, and hydrophoic silica fine powder treated with an agent represented by the following compositional formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an alkyl or alkoxy group, R.sub.2 denotes an alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 denotes a long-chain alkyl group, a halogen-substituted alkyl group, phenyl group, or a phenyl group having a substituent, and m, n, m' and n' are independently 0 or a position integer satisfying the relationship of n>m, n'>m' and n+m+n'+m'<30.

Abstract: A developer for developing electrostatic latent images comprises a toner and a fine silica powder; said fine silica powder being treated with an aminosilane coupling agent having a tertiary amino group represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 represent the same or different substituents, provided that the total of the carbon atom number of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is not less than 8,and having an oxidation potential of not more than 800 mV.

Abstract: A positively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc. The toner contains a binder resin, a colorant or magnetic material, and a diorganotin borate. Because of the diorganotin borate contained, the toner has a uniform and stable triboelectric chargeability. The improved properties of the toner are enhanced when it is combined with positively chargeable fine silica powder.