Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate, a first electrode, a first piezoelectric film, a second electrode, a second piezoelectric film, and a third electrode, in which both the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film have spontaneous polarizations aligned in a film thickness direction and directions of the spontaneous polarizations are the same, and in a case where in a hysteresis curve of one piezoelectric film, a coercive voltage Vcf+, a coercive voltage Vcf?, |Vcf+?Vcf?|=?Vcf, and the larger of an absolute value of Vcf+ and an absolute value of Vcf? is denoted by Vcf, and in a hysteresis curve of the other piezoelectric film, a coercive voltage Vcr+, a coercive voltage Vcr?, |Vcr+?Vcr?|=?Vcr, and the larger of an absolute value of Vcr+ and an absolute value Vcr? is denoted by Vcr, ?Vcr<?Vcf?0.2 and Vcr<Vcf?0.2 are satisfied.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate; and a first electrode, a first piezoelectric film, a second electrode, a second piezoelectric film, and a third electrode which are provided on the substrate in this order, in which both the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film contain PZT having a metal element M doped thereto, as a main component, one piezoelectric film of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film has a spontaneous polarization aligned in a film thickness direction, and in a case where in a hysteresis curve showing polarization-voltage characteristics of the one piezoelectric film, a coercive voltage Vcf+ on a positive side and a coercive voltage Vcf? on a negative side, and in polarization-voltage characteristics of the other piezoelectric film, a coercive voltage Vcr+ on a positive side and a coercive voltage Vcr? on a negative sid, |Vcr++Vcr?|<|Vcf++Vcf?|?0.2 is satisfied.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate; and a first electrode, a first piezoelectric film, a second electrode, a second piezoelectric film, and a third electrode which are provided on the substrate in this order, in which both the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film contain a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb at an A site and containing Zr, Ti, and M at a B site as a main component, an M composition ratio in the first piezoelectric film is different from an M composition ratio in the second piezoelectric film, and polarization-electric field hysteresis measured for the first piezoelectric film with the first electrode grounded and the second electrode as a drive electrode, and polarization-electric field hysteresis measured for the second piezoelectric film with the second electrode grounded and the third electrode as a drive electrode are shifted in the same electric field direction with respect to origins thereof.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a substrate; and a first electrode, a first piezoelectric film, a second electrode, a second piezoelectric film, and a third electrode which are provided on the substrate in this order, in which both the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film contain a perovskite-type oxide containing Pb Zr, Ti, and M, as a main component, Pb composition ratios in the perovskite-type oxides contained in the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film are different from each other, and polarization-electric field hysteresis measured for the first piezoelectric film with the first electrode grounded and the second electrode as a drive electrode, and polarization-electric field hysteresis measured for the second piezoelectric film with the second electrode grounded and the third electrode as a drive electrode are shifted in the same electric field direction with respect to origins thereof.

Abstract: An electronic stethoscope includes: a biological sound sensor that detects a biological sound and outputs an analog-format biological sound signal; an analog system that processes the biological sound signal without converting the biological sound signal into a digital signal and outputs the biological sound signal to an outside; and a digital system that converts the biological sound signal into the digital signal and outputs the biological sound signal.

Abstract: An object is to provide a drug which is useful in treating a nervous system disease. A drug containing vitamin B12 as an active ingredient according to the present invention has an M2 macrophage/microglia induction promoting effect, an M1 macrophage/microglia induction inhibiting effect, a nerve regeneration promoting effect, and the like and is very useful as a therapeutic agent for a nervous system disease, and particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for a central nervous system disease such as cerebral infarction, dementia, or spinal cord injury.

Abstract: An object is to provide a drug which is useful in treating a nervous system disease. A drug containing vitamin B12 as an active ingredient according to the present invention has an M2 macrophage/microglia induction promoting effect, an M1 macrophage/microglia induction inhibiting effect, a nerve regeneration promoting effect, and the like and is very useful as a therapeutic agent for a nervous system disease, and particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for a central nervous system disease such as cerebral infarction, dementia, or spinal cord injury.

Abstract: The piezoelectric laminate and the piezoelectric element have, on a substrate in the following order, a lower electrode layer and a piezoelectric film containing a perovskite-type oxide, in which the lower electrode layer contains a Ta element, contains a Ta nitride on a side closest to the piezoelectric film in a thickness direction of the lower electrode layer, and includes a region where a content of the Ta element changes in the thickness direction, and the change in the content of the Ta element in the thickness direction is continuous.

Abstract: A stethoscope comprising: a support base having a contact surface that comes into contact with an object to be measured, a rear surface provided on a side opposite to the contact surface, and a side surface that connects the contact surface and the rear surface to each other and has a neck portion having a diameter smaller than a diameter of each of the contact surface and the rear surface; a piezoelectric film that is supported by the support base and detects a vibration caused by a sound generated from the object to be measured; a first sound absorbing material that is provided on an outer surface of the rear surface; and a second sound absorbing material that is provided on an outer surface of the side surface on a side of the contact surface with respect to the neck portion.

Abstract: The piezoelectric laminate and the piezoelectric element have, on a substrate in the following order, a lower electrode layer and a piezoelectric film containing a perovskite-type oxide, in which the lower electrode layer includes the metal layer containing Ni and a surface layer containing a Ni oxide or a Ni oxynitride, and in the lower electrode layer, the surface layer is arranged on the side closest to the piezoelectric film.

Abstract: Provided is a transport device including a feeding unit on which a roll-type medium is set and which feeds the medium by rotating the medium, and an endless transport belt that transports the medium in a transport direction by supporting the medium fed out from the feeding unit and rotating. When seen from a support direction in which the transport belt supports the medium, the feeding unit is configured to change the posture thereof so as to incline a rotating shaft of the medium with respect to a width direction that is a direction intersecting the transport direction.

Abstract: An object is to provide a drug which is useful in treating a nervous system disease. A drug containing vitamin B12 as an active ingredient according to the present invention has an M2 macrophage/microglia induction promoting effect, an M1 macrophage/microglia induction inhibiting effect, a nerve regeneration promoting effect, and the like and is very useful as a therapeutic agent for a nervous system disease, and particularly useful as a therapeutic agent for a central nervous system disease such as cerebral infarction, dementia, or spinal cord injury.

Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a printing unit that performs printing on a printing medium, a transporting belt that transports the printing medium and has an endless shape, and a belt-driving roller that causes the transporting belt to circulate and has a cylindrical shape. In the transporting belt, a magnetic scale having a magnetic pole changing at a predetermined pitch is arranged along a transport direction of the printing medium. The belt-driving roller includes an outer circumferential surface constituted of a magnet body, and is in contact with the transporting belt at the outer circumferential surface. The circumferential length of the outer circumferential surface of the belt-driving roller is an integer multiple of the pitch of the magnetic scale.

Abstract: A method of treating a central nervous system disease, the method including administering an agent including a therapeutically effective amount of vitamin B12 to a patient with a central nervous system disease to treat the central nervous system disease. This disclosure also relates to a method of promoting M2 macrophage/microglia induction, inhibiting M1 macrophage/microglia induction, and/or reducing the ratio of M1 macrophage/microglia to M2 macrophage/microglia in a patient in need thereof, the method including administering an agent including a therapeutically effective amount of vitamin B12 to the patient to promote M2 macrophage/microglia induction, inhibit M1 macrophage/microglia induction, and/or reduce the ratio of M1 macrophage/microglia to M2 macrophage/microglia. This disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical product including vitamin B12.

Abstract: Provided is a stethoscope including: a detection unit that detects a vibration caused by a sound which is generated from an object to be measured and that outputs a vibration signal on the basis of the vibration; an output unit that outputs a sound signal on the basis of the vibration signal; an output terminal from which the sound signal is output to an outside; and three electrocardiographic electrodes each of which is disposed around the detection unit and detects cardiac electrical activity of the object to be measured, in which the output terminal is disposed on an axis passing through a center of one predetermined electrocardiographic electrode out of the three electrocardiographic electrodes and a center of the detection unit.

Abstract: Provided is a stethoscope including: a support base having a first contact surface that comes into contact with an object to be measured, in which each of three first connection sides that are at least parts of sides defining the first contact surface is at least a part of each side of a triangle including the first contact surface; three elastic members having elasticity each of which has a second contact surface that has an obtuse angle formed with the first contact surface and that comes into contact with the object to be measured, the three elastic members being connected to each of the first connection sides in a second connection side having the same length as the first connection side out of sides defining the second contact surface; and three electrocardiographic electrodes that are disposed on each of the second contact surfaces and detect cardiac electrical activity of the object to be measured.

Abstract: Provided is a stethoscope including: a support base that has an opening portion; a piezoelectric film that is supported by the support base in a state in which a surface exposed from the opening portion is convexly curved, and that detects a vibration caused by a sound which is generated from an object to be measured; and a protective layer that is disposed on a surface of the piezoelectric film on a side which comes into contact with the object to be measured, and that has an acoustic impedance between an acoustic impedance of the object to be measured and an acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric film.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor nanoparticle exhibiting excellent air durability, a semiconductor nanoparticle-containing dispersion liquid containing the semiconductor nanoparticle, and a film containing the semiconductor nanoparticle. In the semiconductor nanoparticle of the present invention, zinc, sulfur, and indium are detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and a molar ratio Zn/In of zinc to indium which is acquired by the energy dispersive X-ray analysis satisfies Expression (1a).

Abstract: There is provided a medium conveying device which includes a conveyance belt passed around a first roller and a second roller and configured to support and convey a medium on a supporting surface, and in which a controlling unit is able to execute first control to determine whether a first skewing direction and a second skewing direction are the same, the first skewing direction indicating whether, when the first roller and the second roller are caused to rotate in the first rotational direction, the conveyance belt moves toward one side or the other side in a width direction intersecting a moving direction of the conveyance belt, and the second skewing direction indicating whether, when the first roller and the second roller are caused to rotate in the second rotational direction, the conveyance belt moves toward the one side or the other side in the width direction.

Abstract: A stethoscope includes a support base; and a detection unit that is supported by the support base and detects a sound generated from an object to be measured, in which the detection unit has a piezoelectric film disposed to face the support base in at least a portion for detecting the sound generated from the object to be measured and convexly curved to a side opposite to the support base, the piezoelectric film includes a piezoelectric layer having two main surfaces facing each other, a first electrode provided on a main surface on a support base side of the two main surfaces, and a second electrode provided on a main surface on a side opposite to the support base, and a strain generated in the piezoelectric film due to the sound generated from the object to be measured is detected as a vibration signal.