Abstract: The invention provides a deterioration inhibitor containing an amount of a product obtained by treatment of a tea extract with an oxidizing enzyme and then inactivating the enzyme. Addition of a deterioration inhibiting material according to the invention to a food or beverage or a cosmetic can inhibit deterioration of flavor and fragrance, with use in smaller amounts than conventional deterioration inhibitors. A particularly notable effect is exhibited against production of p-cresol and p-methylacetophenone which are citral-derived deterioration odor components, and therefore it is suitable for foods and beverages or cosmetics with citral-containing citrus-like flavors and fragrances.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing inexpensive, highly safe, highly stable, versatile polymethoxyflavones that can be used in food products and easily incorporated into a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, whereby in one pass, a large quantity of polymethoxyflavones can be isolated from other components in citrus peel oil, as well as a method for its use. The method for manufacturing polymethoxyflavones from citrus plant peel oil comprises a step of removing the volatile components in citrus plant peel oil by distillation to obtain a distillation residue, a step of distilling the residue with a thin-film vacuum distillation apparatus to obtain a fraction, a step of extracting the fraction with an aqueous ethanol solution to obtain an extract, and a step of contacting active carbon with the extract after removal of the insoluble oils in the extract for refining, as a method for manufacturing polymethoxyflavones that are highly stable over time and have reduced residual pesticide levels.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine oil supply system contained in a body of the engine, in which a pump casing common to first and second oil pumps having a common pump shaft rotated interlockingly with rotation of a crankshaft of the engine is provided with a main suction port common to the first and second oil pumps, and first and second relief valves are individually connected to discharge passages of the first and second oil pumps. The main suction port is partitioned into first and second suction ports. The pump casing is formed with a first suction passage extending from the first suction port to a suction side of the first oil pump, and a second suction passage extending from the second suction port to a suction side of the second oil pump. Release ports of the first and second relief valves are connected to the second suction passage.

Abstract: An engine for a vehicle can include an oil pan coupled to a lower portion of a crankcase, and a partition wall configured to partition a crank chamber in the crankcase and the oil pan. The partition wall can be disposed on the crankcase, and can include openings configured to return oil from a crank chamber side to an oil pan side. Bridges are configured to suppress back flow of the oil from the oil pan side to the crank chamber side. The bridges can be fixedly disposed below the openings so as to cover at least part of the openings from below.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing inexpensive, highly safe, highly stable, versatile polymethoxyflavones that can be used in food products and easily incorporated into a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, whereby in one pass, a large quantity of polymethoxyflavones can be isolated from other components in citrus peel oil, as well as a method for its use. The method for manufacturing polymethoxyflavones from citrus plant peel oil comprises a step of removing the volatile components in citrus plant peel oil by distillation to obtain a distillation residue, a step of distilling the residue with a thin-film vacuum distillation apparatus to obtain a fraction, a step of extracting the fraction with an aqueous ethanol solution to obtain an extract, and a step of contacting active carbon with the extract after removal of the insoluble oils in the extract for refining, as a method for manufacturing polymethoxyflavones that are highly stable over time and have reduced residual pesticide levels.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine oil supply system contained in a body of the engine, in which a pump casing common to first and second oil pumps having a common pump shaft rotated interlockingly with rotation of a crankshaft of the engine is provided with a main suction port common to the first and second oil pumps, and first and second relief valves are individually connected to discharge passages of the first and second oil pumps. The main suction port is partitioned into first and second suction port. The pump casing is formed with a first suction passage extending from the first suction port to a suction side of the first oil pump, and a second suction passage extending from the second suction port to a suction side of the second oil pump. Release ports of the first and second relief valves are connected to the second suction passage.

Abstract: An engine for a vehicle can include an oil pan coupled to a lower portion of a crankcase, and a partition wall configured to partition a crank chamber in the crankcase and the oil pan. The partition wall can be disposed on the crankcase, and can include openings configured to return oil from a crank chamber side to an oil pan side. Bridges are configured to suppress back flow of the oil from the oil pan side to the crank chamber side. The bridges can be fixedly disposed below the openings so as to cover at least part of the openings from below.

Abstract: A power unit for a vehicle including a clutch capable of making and breaking the transmission of power to a drive wheel. The clutch is interposed in the course of a power transmission path, along which rotational power of a crankshaft is transmitted to the drive wheel. The clutch is rotatably borne on a crankcase, and its axis is set along the front-rear direction of the vehicle. A clutch actuator is provided for controlling the connection and disconnection of the clutch. The clutch actuator mounted to an engine body including the crankcase. This arrangement of the clutch actuator eliminates a need to increase the front-to-rear length of the engine and the vehicle body.

Abstract: The invention provides a deterioration inhibitor with an even stronger effect than the prior art against deterioration of flavors and fragrances in foods and beverages or cosmetics, which is attributed to heat, light and the like, and especially against production of deterioration odors derived from citral. It is a food flavor deterioration inhibiting material comprising as an effective component a product obtained by treatment of a tea extract component with an oxidizing enzyme. Addition of a deterioration inhibiting material according to the invention to a food or beverage or a cosmetic can inhibit deterioration of flavor and fragrance, with use in smaller amounts than conventional deterioration inhibitors. A particularly notable effect is exhibited against production of p-cresol and p-methylacetophenone which are citral-derived deterioration odor components, and therefore it is suitable for foods and beverages or cosmetics with citral-containing citrus-like flavors and fragrances.

Abstract: A crankcase having a mounting structure configured to receive an oil level sight glass fitted on a lower outer portion of the crankcase in a through hole formed therein, and a retainer member clamped to an outer surface of the crankcase to prevent the oil level sight glass from falling off. An outwardly protrudingly rib is formed on the outer portion of the crankcase which is engaged with a cut formed on the retainer member to securely position the retainer member on the crankcase. The retainer member includes a scale mark provided thereon, and the oil level sight glass permits visual observation for checking an oil level of oil held in an oil reservoir disposed at the lower portion of the crankcase.

Abstract: In an exhaust system for a motorcycle in which an engine main body of a multi-cylinder engine has an oil pan on a lower portion thereof, and is mounted on a vehicle body with a plurality of expansion chambers being connected to a downstream side of an assembled portion of a plurality of exhaust pipes that extend out of the respective cylinders of the engine main body, respectively. The muffler includes a first expansion chamber that is connected to the assembled portion and the other expansion chambers that are the assembled portion are disposed on one side of the oil pan. The first continuous to the first expansion chamber. The respective exhaust pipes and expansion chamber is disposed on the other side of the oil pan with the other expansion chambers being disposed to the rear of the engine main body.

Abstract: A power unit for a vehicle including a clutch capable of making and breaking the transmission of power to a drive wheel. The clutch is interposed in the course of a power transmission path, along which rotational power of a crankshaft is transmitted to the drive wheel. The clutch is rotatably borne on a crankcase, and its axis is set along the front-rear direction of the vehicle. A clutch actuator is provided for controlling the connection and disconnection of the clutch. The clutch actuator mounted to an engine body including the crankcase. This arrangement of the clutch actuator eliminates a need to increase the front-to-rear length of the engine and the vehicle body.

Abstract: A crankcase having a mounting structure configured to receive an oil level sight glass fitted on a lower outer portion of the crankcase in a through hole formed therein, and a retainer member clamped to an outer surface of the crankcase to prevent the oil level sight glass from falling off. An outwardly protrudingly rib is formed on the outer portion of the crankcase which is engaged with a cut formed on the retainer member to securely position the retainer member on the crankcase. The retainer member includes a scale mark provided thereon, and the oil level sight glass permits visual observation for checking an oil level of oil held in an oil reservoir disposed at the lower portion of the crankcase.

Abstract: In an exhaust system for a motorcycle in which an engine main body of a multi-cylinder engine has an oil pan on a lower portion thereof, and is mounted on a vehicle body with a plurality of expansion chambers being connected to a downstream side of an assembled portion of a plurality of exhaust pipes that extend out of the respective cylinders of the engine main body, respectively. The muffler includes a first expansion chamber that is connected to the assembled portion and the other expansion chambers that are continuous to the first expansion chamber. The respective exhaust pipes and the assembled portion are disposed on one side of the oil pan. The first expansion chamber is disposed on the other side of the oil pan with the other expansion chambers being disposed to the rear of the engine main body.