Abstract: A microphone contains a capacitor in a capsule with a diaphragm serving as one of electrodes of the capacitor. The microphone is mounted on a mounting board when external terminals installed on an external surface of a circuit board which closes an opening of the capsule are connected face to face with connection terminals on the mounting board. A sound hole is formed in the circuit board and through-hole is formed in the mounting board, being placed in such a position as to avoid overlapping each other when the microphone is mounted. An enclosed space which communicates the through-hole and sound hole is formed when the external terminals are connected with the connection terminals on the mounting board.

Abstract: A lignocellulosic biomass saccharification pre-treatment device is provided, which is capable of easily recovering ammonia water to be used in a pre-treatment for saccharification of a lignocellulosic biomass and putting in recycle use. The lignocellulosic biomass saccharification pre-treatment device has a mixing unit 2 for mixing lignocellulosic biomass and ammonia, a heating unit 3 for heating the biomass-ammonia mixture, a separation unit 4 for separating ammonia gas from the biomass-ammonia mixture to obtain a biomass-water mixture, and a transfer unit 6 for transferring the biomass-water mixture to a later process 5.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus for pretreatment for saccharification easily and continuously applying a treatment and capable of reusing ammonia at low cost. The apparatus has a mixing unit 2, a first heating unit 3, a separation unit 4, a transfer unit 6, an ammonia water supply unit 8 and an ammonia recovery unit 19. The apparatus may have the first heat exchanger 18, a second heat exchanger 25 and a heat supply unit 27 and further has a second heating unit 14. The apparatus may have a wet grinding unit 32 between the heating unit 3 and 25.

Abstract: To provide a packaging and filling apparatus for keeping pressure of filled liquid food in a tube at positive pressure, facilitating preformation by a forming flap, and preventing an external ambient substance from entering the tube even if the liquid food pressure lowers to negative pressure by a fluctuation of the liquid food pressure. The packaging and filling apparatus has a pressure flange provided below a liquid level in a tubular packaging material and along an outer periphery of a filling pipe. The pressure flange prevents the filled liquid food in the tube from freely flowing up from the lower part to keep the pressure of the liquid food positive in the tube below the pressure flange so as to facilitate the preformation by the forming flap. A covering means is provided, for closing a gap occurring on a seam serving as a vertical sealed part or a portion where the gap might occur.

Abstract: An electret condenser microphone includes a conductive capsule including an opening formed in a top member, a capacitor section including a diaphragm, a back electrode plate arranged to face either surface of the diaphragm, and a electret layer provided on the diaphragm or the back electrode plate, which are housed in the capsule, and a cap member provided between the capacitor section and the top member of the capsule and including an acoustic hole formed in a portion exposed to the outside through the opening, wherein the cap member further includes a suctioned portion formed in a central portion thereof to be drawn by a suction-type transporting device, the acoustic holes being arranged along the circumference of the suctioned portion.

Abstract: A condenser microphone comprises a casing body formed from a combination of a first plate member defining a top surface, a second plate member defining a bottom surface and an intermediate member provided between the first plate member and the second plate member, the top surface having an acoustic hole formed therein, a capacitor section including a diaphragm electrode, a fixed electrode, and an electret membrane provided in the diaphragm electrode or the fixed electrode, a converting circuit section for converting variations of capacitance of the capacitor section into electric signals for output, a conductive section for making the capacitor section electrically conductive with the converting circuit section, and conductive surface terminal elements extending from the top surface through side surfaces to the bottom surface among outer surfaces of the casing body to be conductive with the converting circuit section.

Abstract: A microphone contains a capacitor in a capsule with a diaphragm serving as one of electrodes of the capacitor. The microphone is mounted on a mounting board when external terminals installed on an external surface of a circuit board which closes an opening of the capsule are connected face to face with connection terminals on the mounting board. A sound hole is formed in the circuit board and through-hole is formed in the mounting board, being placed in such a position as to avoid overlapping each other when the microphone is mounted. An enclosed space which communicates the through-hole and sound hole is formed when the external terminals are connected with the connection terminals on the mounting board.

Abstract: An electret condenser microphone comprising a metal capsule having a top surface provided with sound receiving holes, a diaphragm, a back electrode plate that faces either one of surfaces of the diaphragm and that is provided separately from the capsule, and an electret layer formed on the back electrode plate or the diaphragm. The diaphragm, the back electrode plate and the electret layer are all mounted inside the capsule. The top surface includes a suctioned portion in its center on which suction force can be applied by a suction-type transporting device, and the sound holes are formed circumferentially around the suctioned portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided in which the temperature of an exhaust gas gradually decreases from its upstream side to its downstream side, and the temperature of a working medium of a heat exchanger, which flows in the opposite direction to the exhaust gas, gradually increases from its upstream side to its downstream side. The temperature difference between the exhaust gas temperature and the working medium temperature is the smallest at the interface between a liquid phase region and a two-phase region of the working medium, and since a catalyst device is incorporated at the upstream side, relative to the flow of exhaust gas, of the vicinity of the position where the temperature difference is the smallest, it is therefore possible for the heat exchanger to utilize the heat generated by the catalyst device effectively.

Abstract: A working medium supply controller in heat exchanger comprising means (M1) for predicting a reference supply amount (Gsteam_set) of working medium in the future based on the detection values of heating medium measuring sensors (S1, S2) and working medium measuring sensors (S3, S4), means (M2) for calculating variation in the quantity of heat (Qmas) of a heat exchanger tube per unit time, means (M3) for calculating a correction supply amount (dGsteam) of the working medium based on the variation in the quantity of heat (Qmas) calculated by the means (M2) for calculating variation in the quantity of heat, and means (M4) for calculating a target supply amount (dGsteam_target) of the working medium based on the reference supply (Gsteam_set) calculated by the means (M1) for predicting a reference supply and the correction supply amount (dGsteam) calculated by the means (M3) for calculating a correction supply amount.

Abstract: Evaporator temperature control means (U) that, in order to make the temperature of steam generated by heating water using exhaust gas of an engine coincide with a target temperature, controls the amount of water supplied to the evaporator based on the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the water, and the temperature of the steam. Calculating an exhaust gas flow rate (Gmix) based on a fuel injection quantity, an air/fuel ratio, and a rotational speed of the engine improves the precision and the responsiveness of the calculation. Controlling the amount of water supplied to the evaporator based on this exhaust gas flow rate (Gmix) therefore improves the accuracy with which the steam temperature is controlled so as to make it coincide with the target temperature.

Abstract: A diffusion layer 3a of a silicon substrate, a polycrystalline silicon material 10, or a gate electrode 12 is connected to a conductive film 8 through a titanium silicide film 6 within a contact hole 5 provided in an insulating film 4. The titanium silicide film 6 is formed by the silicide reaction between a titanium film 7 and the silicon. The upper limit of the thickness of the titanium silicide film 6, and the upper limit of the titanium film 7 are specified by the internal stress within the conductive film 8.

Abstract: An outer periphery of an output shaft integral with a rotor of an expander of a vane-type operated by a high-pressure vapor is supported at its opposite ends by a static-pressure bearing mounted at one end thereof in a floated state provided by a liquid film of a pressurized liquid-phase fluid supplied from a pressurized liquid-phase fluid feed bore through a pressurized liquid-phase fluid passage, and by a static-pressure bearing mounted at the other end thereof in a floated state provided by a liquid film of a pressurized liquid-phase fluid supplied from a pressurized liquid-phase fluid feed bore through pressurized liquid-phase fluid passages. Vanes supported radially in the rotor for reciprocal movement are supported in floated states by a liquid film of a pressurized liquid-phase fluid supplied through pressurized liquid-phase fluid passages extending radially outwards within the rotor.

Abstract: An engine block includes a cylinder head, a plurality of bearing caps for a crankshaft, a cylinder block disposed between the cylinder head and the bearing caps, a plurality of fastening members for fastening the cylinder head and the bearing caps to each other, and a plurality of columnar members interposed between the cylinder head and the bearing caps to receive the fastening forces of the fastening members. Thus, it is possible to provide an engine block including a cylinder block reduced in weight by a remarkable reduction in required strength.

Abstract: Evaporator temperature control means (U) that, in order to make the temperature of steam generated by heating water using exhaust gas of an engine coincide with a target temperature, controls the amount of water supplied to the evaporator based on the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the water, and the temperature of the steam. Calculating an exhaust gas flow rate (Gmix) based on a fuel injection quantity, an air/fuel ratio, and a rotational speed of the engine improves the precision and the responsiveness of the calculation. Controlling the amount of water supplied to the evaporator based on this exhaust gas flow rate (Gmix) therefore improves the accuracy with which the steam temperature is controlled so as to make it coincide with the target temperature.

Abstract: In a vehicle designed so that a driven wheel is driven by uniting an output from an engine and an output from a Rankine cycle system to each other, an accelerator pedal and a throttle valve are connected electrically to each other by a DBW control unit. When an accelerator opening degree (?ap) commanded by a driver is increased, a throttle opening degree (?th) is increased by a correcting amount (??th) more than a value proportional to the accelerator opening degree (?ap), thereby compensating for an output shortage due to a response delay of the output from the Rankine cycle system. When the accelerator opening degree (?ap) commanded by the driver is decreased, the throttle opening degree (?th) is decreased by the correcting amount (??th) more than the value proportional to the accelerator opening degree (?ap), thereby compensating for an output excessiveness due to the response delay of the output from the Rankine cycle system.

Abstract: A small capacity pre-catalytic system (34) is disposed immediately downstream of an exhaust port (18), and a large capacity main catalytic system (35) is disposed immediately downstream of the pre-catalytic system (34). The pre-catalytic system (34) includes finely divided catalyst supports (48), and a third stage heat exchanger (H3) is disposed between these catalyst supports (48) so that a heat transfer tube (49) is bent in a zigzag manner. Fourth stage and fifth stage heat exchangers (H4, H5) are disposed on the upstream side, in the flow of the exhaust gas, of the pre-catalytic system (34), and first and second stage heat exchangers (H1, H2) are disposed on the downstream side, in the flow of the exhaust gas, of the main catalytic system (35). Water is made to flow through the first stage heat exchanger (H1) to the fifth heat exchanger (H5) in a direction opposite to that in which the exhaust gas flows, thereby exchanging heat with the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A working medium supply control system in a heat exchanger is provided. The heat exchanger (14) carries out heat exchange between an exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine (11) and water flowing through a heat transfer tube (13), and the exhaust gas thereby heats the water to generate steam at a target temperature. The system is provided with a plurality of flow control valves (17a to 17j) that can individually regulate the amount of water supplied to a plurality of headers provided in the heat transfer tube (13), and control means (21) individually controls the amounts of water supplied via the respective flow control valves (17a to 17j) based on the rotational speed and the load of the internal combustion engine (11).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided in which the temperature of an exhaust gas gradually decreases from its upstream side to its downstream side, and the temperature of a working medium of a heat exchanger, which flows in the opposite direction to the exhaust gas, gradually increases from its upstream side to its downstream side. The temperature difference between the exhaust gas temperature and the working medium temperature is the smallest at the interface between a liquid phase region and a two-phase region of the working medium, and since a catalyst device is incorporated at the upstream side, relative to the flow of exhaust gas, of the vicinity of the position where the temperature difference is the smallest, it is therefore possible for the heat exchanger to utilize the heat generated by the catalyst device effectively.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery system for an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine includes first and second raised temperature portions. The raised temperature is higher at the first portion than at the second portion. A first evaporating portion generates a first vapor from the first raised temperature portion. A second evaporating portion generates a second vapor from the second raised temperature portion and with a lower pressure than the first vapor. First and second energy converting portions of a displacement type expander converts expansion energy of the first and second vapor into mechanical energy. A condenser and a supply pump are also provided.