Abstract: A magnetic substance-biosubstance complex structure comprises a magnetic substance-containing carrier and a bio-substance immobilized on the carrier, the biosubstance being immobilized through a spacer comprising an amino acid sequence on a surface of the carrier.

Abstract: The invention is to provide an information acquisition apparatus for acquiring information relating to at least one of an oxidized form concentration, a reduced form concentration and a ratio of the concentrations of thioredoxin, useful for judging a stress level, and a stress level information acquisition apparatus and a stress level judging method utilizing the same. A reaction by an enzyme or the like catalyzing an redox reaction of thioredoxins is used to measure at least one of an oxidized form concentration, a reduced form concentration and a concentration ratio of thioredoxins, and data of such measurement is used for judging the stress level of a subject person.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate with improved productivity. To achieve above objective, the gene coding for the polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase of the bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate is disrupted to improve the productivity of polyhydroxyalkanoate.

Abstract: The invention provides an enzyme electrode usable as a highly sensitive sensor, a high-output bio fuel cell or an electrochemical reaction device of a high reaction efficiency. The enzyme electrode includes an electroconductive base member and an enzyme, wherein the enzyme is formed by an associated protein in which two or more different enzyme proteins are associated.

Abstract: There is provided with an enzyme electrode which can be used as a sensor with high sensitivity, a biofuel cell with high output, and an electrochemical reaction device with high reaction efficiency. The enzyme electrode has a conductive base plate, a fusion protein immobilized to the conductive base plate and an electron transfer mediator, wherein the fusion protein is a fusion protein of a enzyme 1 to catalyze a chemical reaction for producing a reaction product 1 from a reaction substrate 1 and a enzyme 2 to catalyze a chemical reaction for producing a reaction product 2 from a reaction substrate 2, and at least one chemical substance of the reaction product 1 is identical to at least one chemical substance of the reaction substrate 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an enzyme electrode for transporting electric charge formed by an oxidation-reduction reaction in an enzyme to a conductive member at a high speed. The enzyme electrode specifically has a ?-conjugated metal complex molecule immobilized on the conductive member and the enzyme immobilized on the conductive member through the ?-conjugated metal complex molecule.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode that enables to enhance the rate of charge transfer from a redox center of an enzyme and catalytic current is provided. An enzyme electrode capable of increasing catalytic current by increasing the rate of charge transfer from an enzyme using an enzyme/metal fine particle complex in which part of a metal fine particle is incorporated into the enzyme can be provided.

Abstract: An enzyme electrode comprises a conductive member and an enzyme, wherein a first mediator and a second mediator are immobilized by a carrier onto the conductive member, the first mediator and the second mediator having different redox potentials (reduction-oxidation potentials). A sensor employs the enzyme electrode as a detection portion for detecting a substance. A fuel cell employs the enzyme electrode as at least one of anode and a cathode. An electrochemical reactor employs the enzyme electrode as a reaction electrode.

Abstract: A magnetic substance-biosubstance complex structure comprises a magnetic substance-containing carrier and a bio-substance immobilized on the carrier, the biosubstance being immobilized through a spacer comprising an amino acid sequence on a surface of the carrier.

Abstract: A structure, which has both a drug holding capability and a sustained release ability utilizing a liposome and mechanical strength of a polyhydroxyalkanoate. This structure is excellent in holding capability for hydrophilic drugs and other water-soluble substances, as well as lipophilic drugs and other hydrophobic substances, and is capable of controlling the sustained release ability. The polyhydroxyalkanoate coats at least a part of the outer wall of the liposome.

Abstract: A structure, comprising a base material, coated with polymer which can be compatible with reduced load against environment and living organisms and various functionalities is provided. The base material is covered with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). The invention also relates to a method for production of the structure comprising immobilizing the enzyme which synthesize PHA on the surface of the base material, biosynthesizing the PHA and coating the base material. The invention also provides toner containing such the structure and production thereof. Further, the invention relates to an image forming method comprising forming the image by providing such toner to the medium to be recorded.

Abstract: There is provided a construct in which at least a part of the magnetic material is coated with a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and a method for producing a construct by immobilizing a PHA synthesizing enzyme on the surface of the magnetic material, thereby biosynthesizing and coating a PHA.

Abstract: A construct that comprises a base material and a polyhydroxyalkanoate, wherein at least a part of the base material is coated with the polyhydroxyalkanoate, and the polyhydroxyalkanoate comprises a 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid unit other than 3-hydroxypropionic acid unit, 3-hydroxy-n-butyric acid unit, and 3-hydroxy-n-valeric acid unit. In addition, an electrostatic charge image developing toner allows to design the toner characteristics such as chargeability, flowability, stability in time and environmental stability uniform among the toners of different colors. The toner has a small particle size enough for enabling uniform dispersion and being excellent in color saturation and transparency. The toner also shows higher contribution to the environmental security. The toner includes a coloring agent of which at least a part of the surface is covered with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA).

Abstract: A combination of polypeptide chains used as a plurality of target substance-binding domains are selected by: (1) reacting a target substance with a first polypeptide chain with a known target substance-binding domain to obtain a first complex; (2) reacting the first complex with a second polypeptide chain library composed of polypeptide chains each having a site to be associated with the first polypeptide chain to obtain second complexes in which the second polypeptide chain is bonded with the target substance in the first complex; (3) washing the second complexes to obtain a third complex in which the first polypeptide chain and the second polypeptide chain are associated with each other and bonded with the target substance; and (4) obtaining a nucleic acid sequence of the second polypeptide chain from the third complex.

Abstract: A structure containing polyhydroxyalkanoate and a magnetic substance includes an external phase part containing polyhydroxyalkanoate and an internal phase part contained in the external phase part, at least one of the external phase part and the internal phase part containing a magnetic substance. Accordingly, provided is a microcapsule, which can be suitably used for formation of an active ingredient of a sustained release pharmaceutical preparation or an ultrasonic contrast agent.

Abstract: A host-vector system which is equipped with a substrate supply system enzyme for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase and which is suitable for evolutionary engineering modification of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase. An isogenic strain line is produced by disrupting a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene of a bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyhydroxyalkanoate with improved productivity and composition is provided. Polyhydroxyalkanoate is produced by a bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate in which a gene encoding acetyl-CoA acyltransferase is disrupted.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate with improved productivity. To achieve above objective, the gene coding for the polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase of the bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate is disrupted to improve the productivity of polyhydroxyalkanoate.

Abstract: A polyhydroxyalkanoate characterized by having in the molecule a unit represented by Chemical Formula (1): wherein n may assume any one integral value within the range of from 1 to 8. Also disclosed are a process for producing the polyhydroxyalkanoate by the use of a microorganism having the ability to produce the polyhydroxyalkanoate and accumulate it in the bacterial body; a charge control agent, a toner binder and a toner which contain this polyhydroxyalkanoate; and an image-forming method and an image-forming apparatus which make use of the toner.

Abstract: A polyhydroxyalkanoate is disclosed which has in the molecule a unit represented by Chemical Formula (1). wherein R is arbitrarily selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, CN, NO2, COOR?, SO2R?, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C(CH3)2H and C(CH3)3; where R? is H, Na, K, CH3 or C2H5, and R? is OH, ONa, OK, a halogen atom, OCH3 or OC2H5; and x is an integer arbitrarily selected from 1 to 8; with the proviso that a polyhydroxyalkanoate is excluded which has a hydrogen atom as R and x in all the units is 2 or 4. Also disclosed is a process for producing the polyhydroxyalkanoate by the use of a microorganism having the ability to produce the polyhydroxyalkanoate and accumulate it in the bacterial body.