Abstract: A connecting fitting is disposed on an upper face of a valve plate and is fixed to the connecting shaft. A first close-contact mechanism portion is formed at a portion where the connecting fitting and the connecting shaft are in contact with each other, a second close-contact mechanism portion is formed at a portion where the connecting fitting and the valve plate are in contact with each other, and a third close-contact mechanism portion is formed at a portion where the lower end of the valve plate and the lower end of the connecting shaft are in contact with each other. By bringing the valve plate and the connecting shaft toward each other with the close-contact mechanism portions of three vertical positions, a hole front face of a connection hole and a shaft front face of a connecting shaft are brought into close contact with each other.

Abstract: A connecting fitting is disposed on an upper face of a valve plate and is fixed to the connecting shaft. A first close-contact mechanism portion is formed at a portion where the connecting fitting and the connecting shaft are in contact with each other, a second close-contact mechanism portion is formed at a portion where the connecting fitting and the valve plate are in contact with each other, and a third close-contact mechanism portion is formed at a portion where the lower end of the valve plate and the lower end of the connecting shaft are in contact with each other. By bringing the valve plate and the connecting shaft toward each other with the close-contact mechanism portions of three vertical positions, a hole front face of a connection hole and a shaft front face of a connecting shaft are brought into close contact with each other.

Abstract: A spacer having a wedge-shaped flat plate portion and an engagement protrusion is interposed between a hole end surface of mounting hole of a valve plate and a rod end surface of mounting portion of a valve rod, which thereby forms a wedge-shaped gap between the spacer and the hole end surface so as to open frontward. A fastening force of a valve-plate fixation screw generates a moment M that deforms the valve plate in a direction of narrowing the gap. At the same time, the engagement protrusion of the spacer is pressed into a wedge-shaped space between the inclined surface portion of the rod end surface and the rear hole-wall surface of the mounting hole, which causes the front hole-wall surface of mounting hole of the valve plate to press the rod front surface of mounting portion of the valve rod.

Abstract: When a part of a hole rear wall of a mounting hole formed in a valve plate and a part of a rod rear wall of a mounting portion of a valve rod have formed thereat inclined portions, respectively, that produce a wedge effect by abutting upon each other and when the valve plate and the valve rod are fixed in a direction of an axis by a valve-plate fixing screw, a wedge effect when the inclined portions and abut upon each other causes a rod front wall of the mounting portion and a hole front wall of the mounting hole to come into close contact with each other and the valve plate and the valve rod to be precisely and firmly fixed to each other so as not to rotate relative to each other.

Abstract: A spacer having a wedge-shaped flat plate portion and an engagement protrusion is interposed between a hole end surface of mounting hole of a valve plate and a rod end surface of mounting portion of a valve rod, which thereby forms a wedge-shaped gap between the spacer and the hole end surface so as to open frontward. A fastening force of a valve-plate fixation screw generates a moment M that deforms the valve plate in a direction of narrowing the gap. At the same time, the engagement protrusion of the spacer is pressed into a wedge-shaped space between the inclined surface portion of the rod end surface and the rear hole-wall surface of the mounting hole, which causes the front hole-wall surface of mounting hole of the valve plate to press the rod front surface of mounting portion of the valve rod.

Abstract: When a part of a hole rear wall of a mounting hole formed in a valve plate and a part of a rod rear wall of a mounting portion of a valve rod have formed thereat inclined portions, respectively, that produce a wedge effect by abutting upon each other and when the valve plate and the valve rod are fixed in a direction of an axis by a valve-plate fixing screw, a wedge effect when the inclined portions and abut upon each other causes a rod front wall of the mounting portion and a hole front wall of the mounting hole to come into close contact with each other and the valve plate and the valve rod to be precisely and firmly fixed to each other so as not to rotate relative to each other.

Abstract: The invention provides an anti-skid controller capable of correctly executing ABS control by accurately estimating a road surface .mu. without using additional sensors. Each wheel speed is detected, and acceleration of the vehicle body in a case where a wheel speed difference between front and rear wheels exceeds a specified value is determined. In this case, by using a change rate within a specified period of time with respect to a wheel speed of one in which wheel speed changing is small as the acceleration, a road surface .mu. corresponding to the acceleration is determined. Corrections regarding turning, bad road travelling, road surface changing, etc. can be carried out, by determining a lateral G based on a speed difference between left and right wheels.