Abstract: A computer-implemented method for comparing multiple client application variations, including, providing a copy of a client application to each of a plurality of client devices, wherein each copy of the client application comprises multiple application variations, receiving demographic information from one or more of the plurality of client devices and providing a list of available experiments to each of the plurality of client devices based on the demographic information, wherein each of the available experiments corresponds with one or more application variations. In certain implementations, the method further includes steps for receiving usage information for each copy of the client application associated with each of the plurality of client devices and comparing two or more application variations of the client application based on the usage information. Systems and computer-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for conducting a set of experiments on an application having a plurality of users are provided. Each experiment is identified by a respective experiment identification (ID) and is associated with a respective group of experimental variations of the application. A system includes an entropy source module that assigns a user group number to a designated user. The user group number is less than or equal to an entropy cap, which is less than an expected entropy, which represents a total number of different states of the experiments. The system includes an experiment module that determines a designated one of the experiments to be conducted on the application. The designated experiment is identified by a designated experiment ID and is associated with a designated group of experimental variations of the application. The experiment module assigns a designated variation to the designated user based on the user group number.

Abstract: Methods for sending a file stored in a first format on a non-mobile device to a mobile device in a second format suitable for viewing on the mobile device are provided. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a request to transmit a file converted from a first format to a second format to a mobile device, and storing the file in the second format suitable for viewing on the mobile device. The method also includes sending an access notification for the converted file to the mobile device. The access notification provides access to the converted file. Systems, graphical user interfaces, and machine-readable media are also provided.

Abstract: This application relates to calculating addresses of modifications to tree-based structures and storing some of the addresses in a manner that allows the modifications to be applied, sustained, modified, and removed independently from one another. In some embodiments, the tree-based structures may define documents, including web documents, and the modifications may include annotations. In some embodiments, the addresses may include locations of the annotations within the documents. Methods and systems disclosed herein also include improved methods and systems for handling annotations. Some such methods and systems operate in connection with handling addresses associated with tree-based structures, while others can function independently of tree-based structures. Related user interfaces, applications, and computer program products are disclosed.