Abstract: Provided is a memory device including a substrate, a plurality of bit-line structures, a plurality of conductive plugs, and a plurality of conductive pads. The substrate has a plurality of active areas. The plurality of bit-line structures are disposed on the substrate in parallel. The plurality of conductive plugs are respectively disposed aside the plurality of bit-line structures, and are electrically connected to the plurality of active areas. The plurality of conductive pads are vertically disposed between the plurality of conductive plugs and the plurality of active areas. One of the conductive plugs has a bottom area falls within a range of a top area of a corresponding conductive pad.

Abstract: A method of Atomic Precision Advanced Manufacturing (APAM) is provided, in which a substrate is doped from a dopant precursor gas. The method involves covering a surface of the substrate with a hard mask, selectively removing material from the hard mask such that selected areas of the substrate surface are laid bare, exposing the laid-bare areas to the dopant precursor gas, and heating the substrate so as to incorporate dopant from the dopant precursor gas into the substrate surface.

Abstract: A physically unclonable function (PUF) and a method of reading it are provided. The PUF is constituted by a microfabricated array of randomly polarized micromagnets disposed on a substrate. The PUF can be read by creating a magnetization map of the PUF from the signal output of a quantum diamond microscope (QDM) and converting the magnetization map to a numerical sequence.

Abstract: A nanoscale bolometer for infrared (IR) thermal imaging comprises a subwavelength antenna that provides a specific detectivity approaching a fundamental, thermodynamic limit. The uncooled nanobolometer achieves performance comparable to cooled, high-performance, semiconductor photodetectors, but with significantly reduced size, weight, power, and cost.