Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of forming the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate structure, a dielectric structure and a contact structure. The substrate has source/drain (S/D) regions. The gate structure is on the substrate and between the S/D regions. The dielectric structure covers the gate structure. The contact structure penetrates through the dielectric structure to connect to the S/D region. A lower portion of a sidewall of the contact structure is spaced apart from the dielectric structure by an air gap therebetween, while an upper portion of the sidewall of the contact structure is in contact with the dielectric structure.

Abstract: A biofuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a microbial community. At least one of the anode and the cathode contains a biochar prepared from a Trapa natans husk as an electrode material, and the anode is located in the microbial community. By using the biochar prepared from the Trapa natans husk as the electrode material, not only can the power density of the biofuel cell be increased, but the economic benefits of waste recycling can also be achieved.

Abstract: A biofuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a microbial community. At least one of the anode and the cathode contains a biochar prepared from a Trapa natans husk as an electrode material, and the anode is located in the microbial community. By using the biochar prepared from the Trapa natans husk as the electrode material, not only can the power density of the biofuel cell be increased, but the economic benefits of waste recycling can also be achieved.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The microbial fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a microbial community. The anode is made of an activated carbon prepared from waste coffee ground as an electrode material, and the microbial community is adhered to the surface of the activated carbon. Since the activated carbon prepared from waste coffee ground is beneficial for the adhesion of various microbial communities to form a biofilm, the electron transfer efficiency of the microbial fuel cell may be improved.

Abstract: A self-power air refresher system includes an air refresher apparatus and a plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC). The air refresher apparatus includes a fan, a filter located on an air-outlet path of the fan, and an energy storage device connected to the fan. The PMFC is disposed on the air-outlet path and includes soil contained in a container, a plant planted in the soil, and a first and second electrodes. The interaction between roots of the plant and microorganisms near the roots generates electrons, and the electrons are transmitted to the energy storage device through the first and second electrodes installed in the soil so as to enable the energy storage device to supply power to the fan. The air that has passed through the filter enters the soil of the PMFC, and is filtered by the plant and then discharged from the container.

Abstract: A microbial fuel cell and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The microbial fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a microbial community. The anode is made of an activated carbon prepared from waste coffee ground as an electrode material, and the microbial community is adhered to the surface of the activated carbon. Since the activated carbon prepared from waste coffee ground is beneficial for the adhesion of various microbial communities to form a biofilm, the electron transfer efficiency of the microbial fuel cell may be improved.

Abstract: A self-power air refresher system includes an air refresher apparatus and a plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC). The air refresher apparatus includes a fan, a filter located on an air-outlet path of the fan, and an energy storage device connected to the fan. The PMFC is disposed on the air-outlet path and includes soil contained in a container, a plant planted in the soil, and a first and second electrodes. The interaction between roots of the plant and microorganisms near the roots generates electrons, and the electrons are transmitted to the energy storage device through the first and second electrodes installed in the soil so as to enable the energy storage device to supply power to the fan. The air that has passed through the filter enters the soil of the PMFC, and is filtered by the plant and then discharged from the container.

Abstract: A fastening member for fastening and unfastening at least two panel members includes first and second elastic arms. One panel member has a first surface. The other panel member has a second surface facing away from the first surface. Each panel member has a fixed through hole having at least a portion with a width (P1). Each elastic arm has first and second end edges respectively proximate to and relatively distal from the first surface. The first end edge has a width larger than the width (P1). A limiting arm extends from the first end edge of the first elastic arm, and includes a limiting portion that can extend through the fixed through holes of the panel members or move away from the second elastic arm when the elastic arms are pressed or released, respectively.

Abstract: A fastening member for fastening and unfastening at least two panel members includes first and second elastic arms. One panel member has a first surface. The other panel member has a second surface facing away from the first surface. Each panel member has a fixed through hole having at least a portion with a width (P1). Each elastic arm has first and second end edges respectively proximate to and relatively distal from the first surface. The first end edge has a width larger than the width (P1). A limiting arm extends from the first end edge of the first elastic arm, and includes a limiting portion that can extend through the fixed through holes of the panel members or move away from the second elastic arm when the elastic arms are pressed or released, respectively.