Abstract: A photographic black-and-white reversal first developer, which is substantially free from hydroquinone and which contains at least substances a) to d): a) hydroquinonesulphonic acid, b) a polyglycol with an average molecular weight of 200 to 600, c) an anti-fogging agent, and d) an auxiliary developer, gives clear light regions and high maximum densities after reversal development and can also be used at temperatures considerably above 20° C.

Abstract: Archival photographic silver images are obtained by the finishing bath's containing 10 to 60 mg of metal ions/liter of metals, the electrode potential of which in the electrochemical series is more positive than that of silver.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic silver halide materials comprising several processing steps, in which at least two chemical treatment stages are each followed by a washing and drying is distinguished by reduced chemical consumption and a reduction in the formation of waste solution to be disposed of.

Abstract: Processing with a particularly economical use of chemicals is achieved with a device for the wet-chemical processing of a photographic material, in which at least one processing stage comprises a rack having a plurality of rotatable rollers which are in contact with the layer surface of the material, at least one roller being encased over 30.degree. to 300.degree. of its circumference in such a manner that processing fluid located in the space between the roller and the casing cannot fully escape.

Abstract: A bleaching bath for photographic black-&-white silver halide materials characterised by the combination of at least 2 oxidising agents having an oxidising potential of .gtoreq.500 mV, optionally together with a metal salt having a stabilising action of a metal of subgroups 1 or 2 of the periodic system of elements, wherein, in the event that dichromate is used as one of the oxidising agents, it is used in a quantity of at most 3.4 mmol/l.

Abstract: A device for washing photographic material, comprising at least one washing tank and at least two rows of pairs of rollers, arranged one above another, above the liquid level of the tank, of which the first row is passed through by the photographic material in a descending direction and the second row is passed through by the photographic material in an ascending direction, wherein(a) the rollers of each pair of rollers are arranged paraxially to one another and contact the front and rear sides respectively of the photographic material conducted between them;(b) the pressure exerted upon the photographic material by the rollers of at least one pair of rollers is set at 50 to 1000 p/cm.sup.2 and(c) at least one pair of rollers of the descending row and at least one pair of rollers of the ascending row are provided with a water supply,permits particularly rapid washing using standard quantities of water.

Abstract: A device for processing a photographic silver halide material, comprising a tank which is filled with a photographic processing bath, through which the photographic material is continuously conducted at a specified conveyance speed, and in which, below the level of the bath, is arranged at least one driven roller which can rotate at a peripheral speed which differs from the conveyance speed of the photographic material and the surface of which is in contact with the photographic material on the emulsion side, facilitates a reduction in the processing time or, in the case of an unchanged processing time, improved processing reliability.

Abstract: A device for processing photographic materials and comprising at least one tank filled with a liquid, in whicha) a number of superposed and successive pairs of rollers are disposed above the level of liquid in the tank,b) the rollers in each pair are disposed parallel to one another,c) all the pairs of rollers lie in a vertical plane, andd) the axes of each pair of rollers are at an angle of 0.degree. to 40.degree. to the horizontal, and in the case of angles deviating from 0.degree. the axes are disposed so that the lowest point of one pair of rollers is below the highest point of the next pair and below the lowest point of the next but one pair and correspondingly the highest point of a pair of rollers is below the lowest point of the next pair and below the highest point of the next pair but one,can efficiently wash the photographic material, using very small amounts of water.

Abstract: In a tank filled with a photographic processing liquid containing, below the liquid level, devices for substantially reducing or completely removing at least once the diffusion layer adhering to the interface of the photographic material, the processing time in the given bath can be reduced or the temperature of the bath lowered without any change in the photographic results.

Abstract: A device for processing photographic materials comprising at least one liquid-filled tank and liquid from the liquid-filled tank is removed from the photographic material and lead back to the same tank. The tank comprises several pairs of rollers placed one above the other above the liquid level of the tank or downstream of the tank. The rollers of each pair of rollers are parallel to one another. At least one pair of rollers is provided with a liquid supply directed to the pair of rollers to provide a system for efficient cleaning of the photographic material. The rollers have an adjustable pressure device and a specific pressure range.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a photographic material with a bath containing at least one processing chemical, in which, after the treatment bath, the photographic material is guided upwards through a sloping compartment which closely surrounds the photographic material and is washed from above with water which, under the effect of gravity, flows in countercurrent to the photographic material, leads to a surprisingly marked reduction in the chemical load of the material.

Abstract: A method for processing photographic silver halide materials with aqueous processing baths which are replenishedduring processing, in which at least one chemical substance in the form of a plurality of solid bodies of geometrically defined shape and of the same size and composition is added to replenish at least one processing bath, is distinguished by a low consumption of chemicals and by a minimal accumulation of overflow for subsequent disposal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for developing photographic film bases with a plurality of treatment tanks to be passed through consecutively, which treatment tanks are connected by transfer devices and of which at least one contains a developing fluid suitable for developing copies of negatives. In front of this developing tank in the direction of processing, a further treatment tank is disposed, having a bath fluid for reverse developing. In addition to the inlet aperture, the reverse developing tank is provided with a further inlet aperture, at the end of a guide bridging the reverse developing tank, to the treatment tank adapted for copies of negatives.

Abstract: A machine for developing photographic material comprising more than one tank and means for continuously conveying photographic material through the development machine, reduces the entraining of chemicals from one tank to the next, when the conveying distance is 40 to 200 cm.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic materials in which development is followed by at least one further chemical treatment preceded and followed by washing and in which the liquid of the washing which follows this chemical treatment is removed in particular from the region of entry of material into this following washing bath and supplied to the material in the region of the preceding washing, preferably the material discharge region of the preceding washing, is distinguished by exceptionally low loss of chemicals.

Abstract: A countercurrent final treatment system with improve efficiency for photographic material webs consists of at least one final treatment tank with an inlet for the final treatment bath and an outlet for final bath, driven rollers for the transport of the photographic material through the tank on a U-shaped path, final treatment liquid as the photographic material leaves the liquid being enriched with chemicals, a pipe which is open at its upper and lower end and is adapted in width to the photographic material and through which the photographic material is transported said pipe being arranged at that side of the final treatment tank where the photographic material leaves the tank, the lower opening dipping into the final treatment bath and the upper opening being situated above the liquid level of the final treatment bath and said pipe being associated with the inlet of final treatment liquid into the final treatment bath at a point above the liquid level so as to contribute to a flow of liquid through the pip

Abstract: Colored copies of outstanding quality are obtained from half tone originals by means of a color paper of extremely hard gradation if the silver halide emulsions of the color paper consists substantially of silver chloride and if, before the material is processed, a filtered, homogeneous exposure is carried out, extending from sub-threshold pre-exposure to an exposure which reduces the maximum color densities by 0.4 density units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photographic reversal process for the production of positive photographic images by imagewise exposure of the photosensitive material containing at least one silver halide emulsion layer, black-and-white first development of the material, chemical fogging or diffuse second exposure and subsequent color development, characterized in that1. at least one N,N-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamine derivative is used as sole developer in the first development,2. the first development bath contains at least one compound which prevents the developer oxidation product formed during the first development from reacting with the color couplers present in the color photographic reversal material to form image dyes,3.

Abstract: Development of a color photographic material in which the emulsion layers contain silver halide grains with a chloride content of at least 80 mol % can be completed within 40 seconds by using a substantially bromide free color photographic developer solution containing, in 1 liter of aqueous solution ready for use, from 4 to 15 g of the developer corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## or a corresponding quantity of its salts, from 8 to 35 g of PO.sub.4.sup.3- ions, at least 0.2 g of antioxidant, from 0.5 to 5.0 g of KCl and other conventional components and adjusted to a pH of from 10.4 to 12.9.

Abstract: A photographic reversal process for the production of positive photographic images by imagewise exposure of the photosensitive material containing at least one silver halide emulsion layer, black-and-white first development of the material, chemical fogging, color development and bleaching, fixing, washing or stabilizing and drying, in which the material is transferred from the first development to the color development without any intermediate steps, such as intermediate washing or diffuse second exposure, the first development bath exclusively contains one or more N,N-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamine derivatives as developer and a tin(II) complex compound and is adjusted to a pH value of <8 and the color development bath likewise exclusively contains one or more N,N-dialkyl-p-phenylenediamine derivatives as developer and is adjusted to a pH value >10, requires considerably less time than the conventional process but produces equivalent results.