Abstract: A method for controlling a wind power installation having a rotor operated with variable speed and having rotor blades that are adjustable in their blade angle. The installation is controlled in a partial-load range by an open-loop operating-characteristic control, which uses an operating characteristic. The operating characteristic presets a relationship between the rotational speed and a generator state variable to be set that is a generator power or torque. A value of the generator state variable preset by the operating characteristic is set in dependence on a detected speed. The installation is controlled in a full-load range by a closed-loop pitch control, in which the rotational speed is controlled to a speed setpoint value by adjusting the blade angles. In a presettable range of the partial-load range and/or in a transitional range from the partial-load range to the full-load range, the installation is controlled by a speed-power control.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one blade misposition of a rotor blade of a rotor of a wind power installation having multiple rotor blades with an adjustable blade angle, wherein the blade misposition describes a blade angle variance of the blade angle of the rotor blade from a reference blade angle, the wind power installation has a nacelle having the rotor and an azimuth adjustment device, wherein a circumferential rotational position of the rotor is referred to as the rotor position, and the azimuth adjustment device has at least one activable azimuth actuator in order to adjust an azimuthal position of the nacelle, comprises the steps of a detection step comprising detecting an azimuthal movement of the nacelle while the at least one azimuth actuator is inactive, and a determination step comprising determining the blade misposition on the basis of the azimuthal movement detected in the detection step.

Abstract: A method of adjusting at least one rotor blade of a wind turbine which includes the steps of receiving a command for adjustment of the rotor blade at an adjustment speed, ascertaining a current moment of inertia of the rotor blade and acceleration of the rotor blade until reaching the adjustment speed, wherein the acceleration until reaching the adjustment speed is limited in dependence on the ascertained moment of inertia. A system and a wind turbine.

Abstract: A method for setting a pitch angle of a rotor blade for a rotor of a wind turbine, a control device for setting a pitch angle of a rotor blade for a rotor of a wind turbine, and a wind turbine. In particular, a method for setting a pitch angle of a rotor blade for a rotor of a wind turbine, in particular for avoiding suction-side flow separation, wherein the rotor blade is movable rotationally about a rotor blade longitudinal axis for setting the pitch angle by means of a pitch drive, comprising the steps: determining an aerodynamic power of the rotor, establishing a nominal pitch angle as a function of the aerodynamic power, and setting the pitch angle to the established nominal pitch angle.

Abstract: Method for controlling a rotor speed of a rotor of a wind turbine at rated or curtailed operation conditions the rotor being an aerodynamic rotor having one or a plurality of rotor blades, and the wind turbine further having a tower and a generator wherein a pitch control provides a pitch angle set value depending on an actual rotor speed for setting a pitch angle of the rotor blades, a main control provides a main power or torque set value for controlling the power or torque of the generator, and an additional control provides an additional power or torque set value depending on the actual rotor speed , wherein the additional power or torque set value is provided as an offset value and is added to the main power or torque set value respectively, wherein the additional power or torque set value is calculated depending on a control deviation of the rotor speed, and optionally, in combination with the additional control, or instead of it, a maximum power control provides a maximum power value as a varying value

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of operating a wind turbine, a corresponding wind turbine, a method of controlling a wind farm and a corresponding wind farm. The method comprises the steps of: determining a target maximum active power to be fed by the wind turbine into a power grid, in particular into an electricity power grid; monitoring a current active power fed from the wind turbine into the power grid; determining a reference time period corresponding to the determined target maximum active power; deriving an average of the active power fed from the wind turbine into the power grid during the reference time period; comparing the average of the active power with the target maximum active power; and operating the wind turbine at a set operating point permitting active power above the target maximum active power in case the average of the active power is below the target maximum active power.

Abstract: There is provided a method of operating a wind turbine which has at least two rotor blades. A first ice detection method is performed by a first ice accretion detection unit. A first warning signal is output if an ice accretion which exceeds a first threshold value is detected at one of the rotor blades by the first ice detection method. A second ice detection method is performed by a second ice accretion detection unit. A second warning signal is output if an ice accretion which exceeds a second threshold value is detected at one of the rotor blades by the second ice detection method. An enable signal is output if a freedom from ice is detected at the at least two rotor blades by the second ice detection method. Intervention in the operation of the wind turbine is effected by a control unit if the first or second warning signal has been detected.

Abstract: Provided is a method for controlling a wind power installation having a rotor operated with variable speed and having rotor blades that are adjustable in their blade angle. The installation is controlled in a partial-load range by an open-loop operating-characteristic control, which uses an operating characteristic. The operating characteristic presets a relationship between the rotational speed and a generator state variable to be set that is a generator power or torque. A value of the generator state variable preset by the operating characteristic is set in dependence on a detected speed. The installation is controlled in a full-load range by a closed-loop pitch control, in which the rotational speed is controlled to a speed setpoint value by adjusting the blade angles. In a presettable range of the partial-load range and/or in a transitional range from the partial-load range to the full-load range, the installation is controlled by a speed-power control.

Abstract: A method of adjusting at least one rotor blade of a wind turbine which includes the steps of receiving a command for adjustment of the rotor blade at an adjustment speed, ascertaining a current moment of inertia of the rotor blade and acceleration of the rotor blade until reaching the adjustment speed, wherein the acceleration until reaching the adjustment speed is limited in dependence on the ascertained moment of inertia. A system and a wind turbine.

Abstract: There is provided a method of operating a wind turbine which has at least two rotor blades. A first ice detection method is performed by a first ice accretion detection unit. A first warning signal is output if an ice accretion which exceeds a first threshold value is detected at one of the rotor blades by the first ice detection method. A second ice detection method is performed by a second ice accretion detection unit. A second warning signal is output if an ice accretion which exceeds a second threshold value is detected at one of the rotor blades by the second ice detection method. An enable signal is output if a freedom from ice is detected at the at least two rotor blades by the second ice detection method. Intervention in the operation of the wind turbine is effected by a control unit if the first or second warning signal has been detected.

Abstract: A method for setting a pitch angle of a rotor blade for a rotor of a wind turbine, a control device for setting a pitch angle of a rotor blade for a rotor of a wind turbine, and a wind turbine. In particular, a method for setting a pitch angle of a rotor blade for a rotor of a wind turbine, in particular for avoiding suction-side flow separation, wherein the rotor blade is movable rotationally about a rotor blade longitudinal axis for setting the pitch angle by means of a pitch drive, comprising the steps: determining an aerodynamic power of the rotor, establishing a nominal pitch angle as a function of the aerodynamic power, and setting the pitch angle to the established nominal pitch angle.

Abstract: A method for controlling a gearless wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine comprises a generator having a stator and a rotor and an air gap therebetween which has an air gap thickness, wherein the generator is designed as an internal rotor, with the stator as an outer part and the rotor as an inner part, or the generator is designed as an external rotor, with the rotor as an outer part and the stator as an inner part, said method comprising the following steps: detecting a temperature of the outer part as an outer part temperature, detecting a temperature of the inner part as an inner part temperature, calculating a temperature difference as the difference between the outer part temperature and the inner part temperature, and controlling the generator according to the temperature difference such that a reduction in the air gap thickness by thermal expansion of the generator is counteracted.

Abstract: A method for controlling a gearless wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine comprises a generator having a stator and a rotor and an air gap therebetween which has an air gap thickness, wherein the generator is designed as an internal rotor, with the stator as an outer part and the rotor as an inner part, or the generator is designed as an external rotor, with the rotor as an outer part and the stator as an inner part, said method comprising the following steps: detecting a temperature of the outer part as an outer part temperature, detecting a temperature of the inner part as an inner part temperature, calculating a temperature difference as the difference between the outer part temperature and the inner part temperature, and controlling the generator according to the temperature difference such that a reduction in the air gap thickness by thermal expansion of the generator is counteracted.

Abstract: The present invention shows a crane controller for the semi-automatic control of a rotary crane, the crane comprising at least a slewing actuator for creating a slewing motion of the crane and/or a luffing actuator for creating a luffing motion of the crane, the crane controller comprising an input unit which can be operated by a operator to provide a desired slewing speed and/or a desired luffing speed as an operator input and a model-predictive reference trajectory planning module comprising an optimization unit for calculating a reference trajectory that obeys the system dynamics and follows the operator input, and a feedforward-controller using the reference trajectory for controlling the slewing actuator and/or the luffing actuator. Further, the optimization unit takes into account the deflection of the rope in the tangential and/or radial direction when solving the optimization problem that provides the reference trajectory.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling the orientation of a crane load, wherein a manipulator for manipulating the load is connected by a rotator unit to a hook suspended on ropes and the skew angle ?L of the load is controlled by a control unit of the crane, characterized in that the control unit is an adaptive control unit wherein an estimated system state of the crane system is determined by use of a nonlinear model describing the skew dynamics during operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crane control apparatus for a crane where a load is suspended on a crane cable from a cable suspension point of the crane, comprising an observer for estimating at least the position and/or velocity of the load from at least one sensor input of a first sensor by using a physical model of the load suspended on the crane cable, whereby the physical model of the observer uses the load position and/or the load velocity as a state variable.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling the orientation of a crane load, wherein a manipulator for manipulating the load is connected by a rotator unit to a hook suspended on ropes and the skew angle ?L of the load is controlled by a control unit of the crane, characterized in that the control unit is an adaptive control unit wherein an estimated system state of the crane system is determined by use of a nonlinear model describing the skew dynamics during operation.

Abstract: The present invention shows a crane controller for the semi-automatic control of a rotary crane, the crane comprising at least a slewing actuator for creating a slewing motion of the crane and/or a luffing actuator for creating a luffing motion of the crane, the crane controller comprising an input unit which can be operated by a operator to provide a desired slewing speed and/or a desired luffing speed as an operator input and a model-predictive reference trajectory planning module comprising an optimization unit for calculating a reference trajectory that obeys the system dynamics and follows the operator input, and a feedforward-controller using the reference trajectory for controlling the slewing actuator and/or the luffing actuator. Further, the optimization unit takes into account the deflection of the rope in the tangential and/or radial direction when solving the optimization problem that provides the reference trajectory.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crane control apparatus for a crane where a load is suspended on a crane cable from a cable suspension point of the crane, comprising an observer for estimating at least the position and/or velocity of the load from at least one sensor input of a first sensor by using a physical model of the load suspended on the crane cable, whereby the physical model of the observer uses the load position and/or the load velocity as a state variable.

Abstract: This invention is directed to oxaspirododecane derivatives, the preparation thereof, and perfume compositions containing same.