Abstract: A propeller formed along the lines of a vortex, i.e. a Fibonacci spiral projected onto a surface formed by a square hyperbola. Fluid flows evenly along the length of the propeller with less turbulence allowing it to operate at a higher pitch without stalling and resulting in reduced power requirements for a given flow rate. The underlying geometric shape of a vortex is an equiangular logarithmic spiral also known as golden spiral or Fibonacci spiral as is often found in natural objects ranging from sea shells to spiral galaxies. When viewed three dimensionally, the fluid flow in a vortex can be drawn as a projection of a golden spiral onto a surface of revolution of a square hyperbola where the vertex is equal to one and the focus is equal to the square root of 2.

Abstract: A propeller formed along the lines of a vortex, i.e. a Fibonacci spiral projected onto a surface formed by a square hyperbola. Fluid flows evenly along the length of the propeller with less turbulence allowing it to operate at a higher pitch without stalling and resulting in reduced power requirements for a given flow rate. The underlying geometric shape of a vortex is an equiangular logarithmic spiral also known as golden spiral or Fibonacci spiral as is often found in natural objects ranging from sea shells to spiral galaxies. When viewed three dimensionally, the fluid flow in a vortex can be drawn as a projection of a golden spiral onto a surface of revolution of a square hyperbola where the vertex is equal to one and the focus is equal to the square root of 2.

Abstract: Motor systems are disclosed that include: a motor component, at least one motor stator module, and at least one binary controller, wherein the binary controller is coupled to the at least one module. In some embodiments, a contemplated motor system also comprises at least one primary motor controller, wherein the primary motor controller is coupled to a vehicle speed component. Methods of using these motor systems and motorized vehicles comprising contemplated motor system are also disclosed.

Abstract: Power supply systems for a vehicle comprise at least one current sensing device, and a regulatory microprocessor coupled to the at least one current sensing device. In some embodiments, contemplated power supply systems comprise at least one electronic pressure sensor. Contemplated electronic pressure systems may comprise a manifold absolute pressure sensor or MAP sensor. In other embodiments, contemplated systems comprise a maximum energy power limiter. Engine systems are also disclosed that include at least one battery or storage system, a power supply system, a hydrogen or hydrogen/oxygen gas generator, and an engine.

Abstract: Motor systems are disclosed that include: a motor component, at least one motor stator module, and at least one binary controller, wherein the binary controller is coupled to the at least one module. In some embodiments, a contemplated motor system also comprises at least one primary motor controller, wherein the primary motor controller is coupled to a vehicle speed component. Methods of using these motor systems and motorized vehicles comprising contemplated motor system are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hybrid-electric vehicle are described herein and comprises: an electric motor, at least one battery pack, at least one capacitor bank, at least one generator, at least one engine, and a controller, wherein the controller is coupled to the at least one battery pack, the at least one capacitor bank and the at least one engine. Power systems are also disclosed, wherein the power systems include: at least one battery pack, at least one capacitor bank, at least one generator, and a controller, wherein the controller is coupled to the at least one battery pack, the at least one capacitor bank and the at least one generator. In addition, modified gear boxes are disclosed that include: an epicyclic roller arrangement and a control mechanism coupled to an output shaft.

Abstract: A method of effecting burning is described wherein combustible materials are introduced into a vortex having a high pressure periphery and a lower pressure center, or are caused to form such a vortex and there is provided further fluid to provide for the combustion of this material, and the mixture is ignited whilst in the vortex. A variation of this is method of effecting burning which includes the step of introducing as a burnable mixture, a mixture into a vortex of a type having an outer periphery with a higher pressure than its pressure at a center of the vortex. The methods are useful for generating heat, steam or disposal of wastes.

Abstract: A method and arrangement of supplying a supplementary fuel (8) to a compression ignition internal combustion engine wherein an air supply (3) to the engine is first caused to pass through a natural vortex creator (1), and a supply of supplementary fuel (8) to the engine is supplied into a low pressure area the natural vortex (1) which provides a substantially constant ratio of supplementary fuel to main fuel through varying load conditions.

Abstract: A method and arrangement of supplying a supplementary fuel (8) to a compression ignition internal combustion engine wherein an air supply (3) to the engine is first caused to pass through a natural vortex creator (1), and a supply of supplementary fuel (8) to the engine is supplied into a low pressure area the natural vortex (1) which provides a substantially constant ratio of supplementary fuel to main fuel through varying load conditions.

Abstract: A method of effecting burning is described wherein combustible materials are introduced into a vortex having a high pressure periphery and a lower pressure center, or are caused to form such a vortex and there is provided further fluid to provide for the combustion of this material, and the mixture is ignited whilst in the vortex. A variation of this is method of effecting burning which includes the step of introducing as a burnable mixture, a mixture into a vortex of a type having an outer periphery with a higher pressure than its pressure at a center of the vortex. The methods are useful for generating heat, steam or disposal of wastes.