Abstract: A glass composition includes oxides which form non-volatile fluorides at a temperature of 150° C. and a pressure of 5 Pa or less and are present in an amount of less than 0.5 mol % in the glass composition, based on all oxides present in the glass composition. A working point of the glass composition is 1400° C. or less. The glass composition has a hydrolytic resistance characterized by a leachability of GeO2, P2O5 and/or B2O3 from the glass composition determined as concentrations in an eluate prepared according to ISO 719 of at least one of the following: less than 70 mg/l GeO2 in the eluate per 1 mol % GeO2 in the glass composition; less than 70 mg/l P2O5 in the eluate per 1 mol % P2O5 in the glass composition; or less than 300 mg/l B2O3 in the eluate per 1 mol % B2O3 in the glass composition.

Abstract: A glass tube, such as a glass tube for the production of containers for storage of pharmaceutical compositions, facilitates production of pharmaceutical containers with high quality. The glass tube has a relative cross-sectional area deviation defined as QF max - QF min 1.5 ? ? m . QF max - QF min 1.5 ? ? m is less than k*x+t. QFmax is the highest cross-sectional area and QFmin is the lowest cross-sectional area of at least two cross-sections of the glass tube, the cross-sections being spaced apart from each other along a length of the glass tube, and k is 0.0023 m?1, t is less than 0.15 mm2/m and x is QF max + QF min 2 .

Abstract: A hot gas valve has a housing, in which a gas duct is formed with an inlet and an outlet, and a valve device for controlling the fluid flow through the gas duct. The housing has at least one cooling duct for liquid cooling of the housing, wherein the gas duct is shielded with respect to the housing by means of a thermal shield, which consists of a material which has a greater thermal stability than the material of which the housing consists. The valve device has a closure body situated in the gas duct, which closure body is held on a valve shaft mounted in the housing by means of at least one bearing. The bearing may consists of a material having good thermal conductivity. The valve shaft is sealed by an elastomer shaft sealing ring on the side of the bearing facing away from the gas duct.

Abstract: A valve for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a housing which contains a passage for conducting exhaust gases. In the passage is arranged a closing body with which the passage can be closed. The closing body is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner to a shaft, which is mounted rotatably in the housing, and can be pivoted together with the shaft about the rotation axis of the shaft. The closing body has a partition, which runs perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the shaft, and has a circular outer contour which is sealed off from the housing and divides the passage into a first duct and a second duct. When the closing body is in the closed position both the first and second ducts are closed. When the closing body is in an open position the exhaust gasses can pass through the first and second ducts.

Abstract: A valve for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a housing which contains a passage for conducting exhaust gases. In the passage is arranged a closing body with which the passage can be closed. The closing body is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner to a shaft, which is mounted rotatably in the housing, and can be pivoted together with the shaft about the rotation axis of the shaft. The closing body has a partition, which runs perpendicularly to the rotation axis of the shaft, and has a circular outer contour which is sealed off from the housing and divides the passage into a first duct and a second duct. When the closing body is in the closed position both the first and second ducts are closed. When the closing body is in an open position the exhaust gasses can pass through the first and second ducts.

Abstract: A hot gas valve has a housing, in which a gas duct is formed with an inlet and an outlet, and a valve device for controlling the fluid flow through the gas duct. The housing has at least one cooling duct for liquid cooling of the housing, wherein the gas duct is shielded with respect to the housing by means of a thermal shield, which consists of a material which has a greater thermal stability than the material of which the housing consists. The valve device has a closure body situated in the gas duct, which closure body is held on a valve shaft mounted in the housing by means of at least one bearing. The bearing may consists of a material having good thermal conductivity. The valve shaft is sealed by an elastomer shaft sealing ring on the side of the bearing facing away from the gas duct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selection of a channel coding scheme for communications in a wireless communication system. In the described arrangement, a cell-based channel coding scheme is selected from a plurality of available channel coding schemes based on the channel coding schemes used in the cell. The stored selected channel coding scheme can then be used on initiation of a communication with the subscriber device.

Abstract: An intervertebral implant consisting of a disc-shaped spacer made of rigid material and insertable between opposed and adjacent vertebrae in which the opposing sides (1, 2) of the implant bordering the vertebrae are circular discs and have a central raised dome (3 or 4) and roof-shaped projections thereon (5 or 6).

Abstract: An intervertebral disk endoprosthesis is filled with an elastic material and provided with cover plates at its end faces, and has a circular or elliptical corrugated tube surrounding the viscoelastic material, the tube being terminated by cover plates.

Abstract: In order to find criteria for the adjustment of an optimum focus, lens correction, specimen shift and the like, measurements are performed by means of a beam wobbler and the corresponding generation of a variable F(s)=.THETA..vertline.(Xi-Yi+s).vertline.* in order to determine that s-value for which F(s) is a minimum. Using this image shift value is then used to make a correction preferably automatically.

Abstract: Device for scanning and following information tracks, for use in conjunction with "VLP" or "Compact Disk", tracking errors being mitigated by deriving an additional control voltage from the envelope of the information, which counteracts positional deviations of the information transducer relative to a desired track on the information carrier to an increased extent.

Abstract: A device for automatic tonal accompaniment in musical instruments equipped with a rhythm unit, the fundamental, the quint, or another tone related to a chord being held and/or the chord itself becoming available in a predetermined sequence in a selected rhythm, for at least one tonal key a chord sensor is provided at whose output a signal appears in the presence of a chord, and an associated switching device is connected thereto which in the absence of a chord switches the chord sensor to detection of individual tones.

Abstract: A device for electronically simulating vibrato, chorus, and pseudostereo effects and the radiation effects produced by a rotary loudspeaker with the aid of two loudspeakers or loudspeaker combinations, in which device a controllable amplifier is associated with each loudspeaker, the audio signal being applied to these amplifiers both directly and via a delay means, and both the delay and the gain of the amplifiers being varied synchronously by a subaudio-frequency generator.

Abstract: In order to simplify the intricate wiring in known automatic bass chord systems and to reduce the number of separate decoders used therein for all chords of each key, an apparatus is provided which allows the use of only one decoder per chord type. When a chord is held one bit is applied to the inputs of a first 12-bit shaft register which correspond to the tones of the chord, after which all bits are shifted further by an HF clock pulse until this chord pattern has arrived at those outputs of the 12-bit shift register which, with the inputs of the decoder which corresponds to the chord being held, are assigned to a single pre-selected tonality.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument with two tone generators of which the frequency of the tones produced by them is substantially constant for the first generator a priori and for the second generator not until after a final value is reached which corresponds to the frequency of the corresponding tone of the first generator, the frequency of the first generator is applied to a first input and that of the second generator to a second input of a frequency comparator circuit, whose output is connected to a control input of the second generator via control device. This ensures that the repeated readjustments of the control quantities necessary in known instruments are no longer necessary.