Abstract: Carbohydrate detectors employing abiotic fuel cell designs are disclosed. The detectors produce current output using reactions between chemical dyes in alkaline solutions and carbohydrates, such as glucose. A linear relationship between current output of the detector and glucose concentration has been observed. This relationship may be used with measurements of current output when the glucose concentration is unknown to determine the unknown glucose concentration. In certain embodiments, the abiotic detectors may further employ electrodes, such as high surface area carbon materials and commercial air breathing electrodes, without the use of catalysts (i.e., precious metals or biocatalytic species) for glucose detection Organic dyes, such as methyl viologen (MV), methylene blue, methylene green, Meldola's blue, indigo carmine, safranin O, and the like, may serve as the electron mediators.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system that adaptively compensates for subject motion in real-time in an imaging system. An object orientation marker (30), preferably a retro-grate reflector (RGR), is placed on the head or other body organ of interest of a patient (P) during a scan, such as an MRI scan. The marker (30) makes it possible to measure the six degrees of freedom (x, y, and z-translations, and pitch, yaw, and roll), or “pose”, required to track motion of the organ of interest. A detector, preferably a camera (40), observes the marker (30) and continuously extracts its pose. The pose from the camera (40) is sent to the scanner (120) via an RGR processing computer (50) and a scanner control and processing computer (100), allowing for continuous correction of scan planes and position (in real-time) for motion of the patient (P).

Abstract: Embodiments herein include methods and constructs that can be used to co-express two or more polypeptides of interest from a single polynucleotide encoding a precursor polypeptide. Within this precursor polypeptide can reside at least one autonomous processing unit, which can mediate release of flanking polypeptides of interest in cis. The processing unit can include an N-terminal autocatalytic cleavage domain and a C-terminal cleavage domain. Some embodiments include constructs and methods for co-expressing polypeptides without N- or C-terminal overhangs, in any cellular or extracellular location, and/or in stoichiometric ratios.

Abstract: The present invention is a biosensor apparatus that includes a substrate, a source on one side of the substrate, a drain spaced from the source, a conducting channel between the source and the drain, an insulator region, and receptors on a gate region for receiving target material. The receptors are contacted for changing current flow between the source and the drain. The source and the drain are relatively wide compared to length between the source and the drain through the conducting channel.

Abstract: The present invention is a biosensor apparatus that includes a substrate, a source on one side of the substrate, a drain spaced from the source, a conducting channel between the source and the drain, an insulator region, and receptors on a gate region for receiving target material. The receptors are contacted for changing current flow between the source and the drain. The source and the drain are relatively wide compared to length between the source and the drain through the conducting channel.

Abstract: The present invention is a biosensor apparatus that includes a substrate, a source on one side of the substrate, a drain spaced from the source, a conducting channel between the source and the drain, an insulator region, and receptors on a gate region for receiving target material. The receptors are contacted for changing current flow between the source and the drain. The source and the drain are relatively wide compared to length between the source and the drain through the conducting channel.