Abstract: A bending press for making tubing from a substantially planar and longitudinally extending metal sheet has a support extending transversely generally parallel to the sheet vertically offset from the sheet, and a bender at one of the edges of the sheet and slidable transversely generally parallel to the sheet on the support. The bender has a pair of bending tools, a tie rod extending transversely in the direction adjacent the pair of tools, and an actuator braced transversely in the direction between the tie rod and the tools and extensible in the direction to tension the rod and press the tools against opposite faces of the sheets at the one edge to deform the one edge. A clamp is engageable between the bender and the support for releasably locking the bender to the support at any of a plurality of positions offset transversely therealong generally parallel to the sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-supported, automated method for the verification of analog circuits, and to a storage medium on which a computer software program is stored for performing such method, including transforming of constants or variables characterizing a first equation system for describing the properties of a circuit; transforming of constants or variables characterizing a second equation system for describing the properties of a circuit; and performing a circuit equivalence test by using the transformed quantities obtained from transforming.

Abstract: A method using a computer program for numerically simulating an electrical circuit, in a computer system, having a plurality of nodes and a plurality of circuit elements. A circuit description of the electrical circuit together with tstart and tstop times of a time interval are read into the computer system with at least one input value of the electrical circuit for at least one specific time in the time interval. Voltage values and/or current values at the nodes of the electrical circuit are calculated in the selected time interval using table-based models for the circuit elements. From these voltage values and/or current values, a simulation time tn in the time interval [tstart; tstop] under consideration is selected at which system equations are determined describing the circuit elements by physical formulas and dynamic effects of the elements are described by differential equations.

Abstract: A straightening apparatus for large diameter thick wall pipe has an expander head at one end of a beam inserted into the pipe and having a radially displaceable saddle positionable at any selected location along the beam. The saddle may be shifted along the beam by a linear actuator and the saddle applies a radial force to the inner wall of the pipe in a bending operation.

Abstract: A bending press for bending metal plates for the production of large diameter pipe has an articulation for the upper die member which reduces bending moments as applied to the bending sword or ram. The articulation can be between the upper die and the foot of the bending sword and a second articulation can be provided between the bending sword and the head of it affixed to the head of the press.

Abstract: The invention, which relates to a method for improving the validity level of diagnoses of technical arrangements, with an equation system that describes the system being produced by a technical arrangement and being tested for structural solvability and singularities, is based on the object of specifying a method that overcomes the problems in the validity level of the previous diagnosis method and that allows even problems that are not purely structural in system designs to be located automatically, this is achieved in that the investigation for singularities is carried out iteratively, with a threshold value for the numerical matrix entries being approximated to a critical value by changing it and redefining it as a function of the result for each new calculation.

Abstract: A method and system for the controlled application of fluid pressure of a load, such as a large pipe to be pressure tested utilized small pressure converters which are operated by a common controller at the hydraulic side to fill and pressurize the pipe. One pressure converter is decelerated as it approaches the end of its working stroke while the other pressure converter is accelerated so that the total displacement of the pressurizing fluid remains substantially constant over time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computer-supported, automated method for the verification of analog circuits (1), and to a storage medium on which a computer software program is stored for performing such method, said method comprising the steps of: transforming of constants or variables (A1, x1), respectively, characterizing a first equation system for describing the properties of a circuit; transforming of constants or variables (A2, x2), respectively, characterizing a second equation system for describing the properties of a circuit; performing a circuit equivalence test by using the transformed quantities (z) obtained from transforming.

Abstract: A straightening apparatus for large diameter thick wall pipe has an expander head at one end of a beam inserted into the pipe and having a radially displaceable saddle positionable at any selected location along the beam. The saddle may be shifted along the beam by a linear actuator and the saddle applies a radial force to the inner wall of the pipe in a bending operation.

Abstract: A method and system for the controlled application of fluid pressure of a load, such as a large pipe to be pressure t sted utilized small pressure converters which are operated by a common controller at the hydraulic side to fill and pressurize the pipe. One pressure converter is decelerated as it approaches th end of its working stroke while the other pressure converter is accelerated so that the total displacement of the pressurizing fluid remains substantially constant over time.

Abstract: A bending press for bending metal plates for the production of large diameter pipe has an articulation for the upper die member which reduces bending moments as applied to the bending sword or ram. The articulation can be between the upper die and the foot of the bending sword and a second articulation can be provided between the bending sword and the head of it affixed to the head of the press.

Abstract: A simulation is carried out in a computer system in which a circuit description of an electrical circuit having a plurality of nodes and a plurality of circuit elements is present. First, voltage values and/or current values at the nodes of the electrical circuit are calculated in a selected time interval using table-based models for the circuit elements. From these voltage values and/or current values, simulation times tn are determined in the time interval [tstart; tstop] under consideration at which system equations of the circuit description are determined and calculated. These system equations describe the circuit elements using physical formulas and do not describe the dynamic effects of the circuit elements using differential equations.

Abstract: A simulation apparatus for a system has at least one analog and at least one digital element, in particular an electronic system. The simulation apparatus has an apparatus for solving differential algebraic equation systems based on a one-step method for automatically producing a data record with a simulation event. A detector is provided for automatically determining that a threshold value has been exceeded within one time step in the simulation event. The detector determines whether the simulation event is greater at the end of the respective time step than a predetermined tolerance of the respective threshold value. The detector automatically reduces the time step if the tolerance is exceeded, until the tolerance is undershot, in order to determine the point at which the threshold value is exceeded. A transformation device uses values calculated previously for this purpose. It is thus possible to simulate mixed digital-analog systems particularly efficiently.

Abstract: A system relationship function is defined which describes the “external response” of a set of coupled linear components in an electrical circuit. A differential equation system is defined for the set of coupled linear components, and a predetermined number of eigenvalues are determined for the homogeneous differential equation system. An error is indicated for the eigenvalues which is caused by ignoring those eigenvalues which have not been determined within the homogeneous differential equation system. If the error is less than a given setpoint error, then the system relationship function is produced from the differential equations which are described by the determined eigenvalues. If the error is greater than the limit, then further eigenvalues are determined, for which an error is in turn determined. This method is continued iteratively until the error is less than the limit.

Abstract: In the method, following an operating point determination of the quartz resonator circuit, a substitution of the equivalent circuit diagram of the quartz resonator by an independent current source is implemented with the initial, previously determined amplitude of the current of the dynamic arm of the quartz resonator. The dynamic equilibrium state is determined for this circuit arrangement with firing methods or methods of harmonic balance. After a resubstitution of the current source by the equivalent circuit diagram of the quartz resonator, a transient analysis is implemented for the dynamic equilibrium state. This method is iteratively implemented as long as the identified growth rate lies above a prescribable barrier.