Abstract: The invention relates to transmitting data elements of a data stream based on a priority and target buffer fill levels at a receiving device. A transmitter controller transmits data elements of a data element class with a highest priority first, for reaching an associated buffer fill level and then turns to data elements of successively lower priorities, until the available bandwidth is exhausted.

Abstract: A system, method, and media edge proxy, MEP, (17) for providing media data such as Internet Protocol Television, IPTV, or Internet radio channels to a media client (12). The MEP obtains the media data from a media server (18) utilizing a temporary unicast connection and provides the media data obtained from the server to the media client for an initial time period. Upon determining that the initial time period has expired, the MEP obtains the media data via multicast from a multicast router (27), provides the media data obtained from the router to the media client, and releases the temporary unicast connection. The invention reduces channel switching delay and thus improves quality-of-experience for the end-user. The invention also avoids excessive IGMP JOIN/LEAVE signaling when a user switches quickly through channels.

Abstract: A technique for controlling a point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of data over a PTM-enabled network (150) to a user group is proposed. In a first PTM transmission, a location information query message is distributed into a group service area (154). Upon receiving the query message, items of user equipment respond with location information response messages comprising location information indicative of a location of the respective user equipment. On the basis of the received location information response messages, a content transmission area (156, 157, 158) is determined. A second PTM transmission is then initiated into the content transmission area for content distribution. Furthermore, the content may be distributed via unicast retrieval.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaving cervimycin esters. An object of the invention to convert in a simple manner the cervimycin esters which are less active but formed in larger quantity into the highly active cervimycin K that occurs as a minor component in the preparation by fermentation, is achieved by preparing unesterified cervimycins from cervimycin esters with di- or monomethylated malonic acids, by ester cleavage effected by at least one esterolytic enzyme at temperatures of 20° C. to 75° C. and a pH of pH 5.0 to 10.0, preferably pH 6.0 to 9.0.

Abstract: A technique for registering a device (10) with a rights issuer system (12) in a digital rights management (DRM) context is described. The device (10) is provided with DRM registration information that is required to use protected content. The DRM registration information is generated from rights issuer information on the one hand and device information on the other hand. The DRM registration technique described herein does not require an interactive registration protocol between a rights issuer server (12) and the device (10). Rather, the DRM registration information may be generated and transferred to the device (10) even if the device (10) is offline, inactive or switched-off.

Abstract: A technique for controlling the distribution of content via broadcast bearers and non-broadcast bearers is described. A method embodiment of this technique includes the steps of providing a plurality of content channels, each content channel being associated with at least one of a first bearer type and a second bearer type, maintaining mapping information for the content channels, the mapping information being indicative of the bearer associations between content channels and bearer types, and controlling content distribution in accordance with the associations between content channels and bearer types.

Abstract: To improve transmission of digital broadcast information, there is proposed a method of transmitting digital broadcast information from a main transmitter (12) to at least one repeater (14). There is generated a composite digital broadcast signal carrying first digital broadcast information according to a first digital broadcast specification (DVB-T) and second digital broadcast information according to a second digital broadcast specification (DVB-H). The composite digital broadcast is then broadcasted such that the second digital broadcast information (DVB-H) is sent in a transmission mode used for transmission of the first digital broadcast information (DVB-T).

Abstract: The invention relates to prioritising of data elements of a data stream for transmission to a receiving device including determining a decodability of data elements, wherein the decodability indicates the extent to which the current data element is decodable at the receiving device. Then, a priority is assigned to the data elements based on the determined decodabilities. A transmission of the data elements to a receiving device is then scheduled based on the priorities.

Abstract: The invention relates to transmitting data elements of a data stream based on a priority and target buffer fill levels at a receiving device. A transmitter controller transmits data elements of a data element class with a highest priority first, for reaching an associated buffer fill level and then turns to data elements of successively lower priorities, until the available bandwidth is exhausted.

Abstract: An aggregation procedure for aggregating of a number of session descriptions parameters corresponding to a multitude of channels into one single session description. Each channel is described by a mandatory unique identifier. A corresponding client application processes the SDP describing the channel bundle and uses the found information for allowing a user to switch to a channel associated with a certain identifier. Signaling of a channel switch control unit, which is part of the multi-channel streaming server, receives a multitude of RTP flows and selects one of the flows for forwarding to the client. A switching point determination is a part of the channel switch control unit and determines the next possible point of time for switching to a requested channel. The client application receives time information for the switch point in response to a channel switch request.

Abstract: A method of controlling a receiver (30) that is arranged to operate in a reception operating mode (2; 4) for receiving an amount of data in a transmission from a sender and in one or more further operating modes (1-7), said method comprising: setting (S1) an internal transmission-over indicator to an initial value at the beginning of said transmission and subsequently adapting (S2) said internal transmission-over indicator in the course of said transmission, monitoring (S3) said internal transmission-over indicator in the course of said transmission in order to determine whether a transmission-over condition is fulfilled, and, in response to determining that said transmission-over condition is fulfilled, leaving (S4) said reception operating mode for entering one of said one or more further operating modes.

Abstract: A method of managing a unicast-based media session is disclosed. A user terminal (100) having access to channel identifiers of media channels (400, 410) available at a media server compiles a SIP-based channel request comprising a channel identifier of one of the available media channels (400, 410) and a port identifier of at least one media input port of the terminal (100). This message is sent to a network node (200, 300) for initiating delivery of media data of selected media channel to the announced media input port (115). The SIP-based data signaling also allows switching between unicast-based media channels and switching between unicast-bast and multicast/broadcast-based media channels during the ongoing media session.

Abstract: The invention is embodied in a technique for broadcasting content data from a broadcaster (including a multicaster) to a plurality of clients. After a client receives content data from the broadcaster, a plurality of available proxy servers may be contacted for post-processing after the content data broadcast is determined. The client subsequently randomly selects one of the available proxy servers to contact for post-processing after the content data broadcast. The client may further randomly select a delay time within a contact interval for the selected proxy server, at which time the client contacts the selected proxy server at the delay time to initiate post-processing.

Abstract: A method for obtaining information about a transmission capability of a transmission link (TL) is disclosed. A sending entity (SE) sends data packets at a sending rate to the transmission link (TL), which transmits the data packets according to its transmission capability to a receiving entity (RE) receiving the data packets at a receiving rate. The sending rate is modulated with a rate modulation and the following steps are executed by an analysis entity (AE): obtaining the sending rate, obtaining the receiving rate, comparing the obtained sending rate and the obtained receiving rate to determine a relation of the obtained sending rate and the obtained receiving rate and to determine an appearance of the rate modulation of the sending rate in the obtained receiving rate, and obtaining the information about the transmission capability based on the determined relation and the determined appearance of the rate modulation.

Abstract: In a communication system (SYS) in which a packet data transfer is performed between the network side (NS) and the subscriber terminal side (SS) a physical connection (LC) is maintained during the data packet transfer. An active period detector (AP-DET) detects an active period of data packet generation by evaluating the inter-arrival time (TDIFF) between successively arriving data packets (DP). If the inter-arrival time (TDIFF) falls within a predetermined range a physical connection maintaining device (LC-MAIN) maintains the physical connection (LC) even if a transmitter queue (TR-QUE) temporarily becomes empty. Therefore, within the active period (AP) the transmitter (NS-TR; SS-TR) indicates a non-empty queue. The invention finds particular application in the GPRS/(E)GPRS/GSM environment.

Abstract: In a method for the transmission of a plurality of data packets from a sender (1) to a receiver (2), the data transmission is performed over a link (5) with a transmission capacity having a limit. A presentation time is defined for a first data packet of said plurality, and the receiver (2) performs a first check whether data packets are correctly received. At least one data packet is selected for retransmission according to the result of the first check. In the method, a delay budget (DB) is determined from the presentation time of the first data packet. Furthermore, a delay requirement is determined for the retransmission of the selected data packet from the limit of the transmission capacity and from the transmission capacity required for the selected data packet. A comparison (30) of the delay requirement and the delay budget (DB) is performed, and the retransmission is executed for the selected data packet according to the result of the comparison (30).

Abstract: A compressor (25) serves to compress headers of media packets and sends context information to a decompressor (60) for use by the decompressor in decompressing compressed headers (26) of the media packets. With regard to a flow (56) of the media packets from the compressor (25) to the decompressor (60), the compressor (60) controls inclusion of the context information in the flow in accordance with a media characteristic of the media packets. For example, in an illustrative, non-limiting illustration, a context transmission controller (46) of the compressor controls timing of generation of packets which include the context information in accordance with the media characteristic of the media packets. In one mode of operation, the predetermined characteristic which causes inclusion of the context information is media codec access information included in a payload of a packet.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new method for improving functional protein expression whereby the folding process is monitored by online measurement and, if required, the protein folding is influenced by adding folding promoting agents and/or co-expression of the periplasmic chaperone (Skp). In this respect, the invention offers a technology to improve the yield of functionally expressed recombinant proteins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fed-batch fermentation process which uses special E. coli host/vector systems for the purpose of efficiently forming recombinant proteins, in particular recombinant antibody molecules, preferably antibody fragments such as miniantibodies. Under the given conditions, the E. coli cells are able to grow at a maximum specific growth rate up to very high cell densities. After the recombinant product formation has been switched on, it is only the formed product which restricts growth; there is no growth restriction due to substrates or metabolic by-products. High space-time yields of recombinant proteins can be achieved in this manner.

Abstract: In a communication system (SYS) in which a packet data transfer is performed between the network side (NS) and the subscriber terminal side (SS) a physical connection (LC) is maintained during the data packet transfer. An active period detector (AP-DET) detects an active period of data packet generation by evaluating the inter-arrival time (TDIFF) between successively arriving data packets (DP). If the inter-arrival time (TDIFF) falls within a predetermined range a physical connection maintaining device (LC-MAIN) maintains the physical connection (LC) even if a transmitter queue (TR-QUE) temporarily becomes empty. Therefore, within the active period (AP) the transmitter (NS-TR; SS-TR) indicates a non-empty queue. The invention finds particular application in the GPRS/(E)GPRS/GSM environment.