Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing development of mild cognitive impairment and/or learning disorders and/or memory disorders in a subject suspected to have or suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist and/or beta-2 nAChR negative allosteric modulator (NAM) to the subject over a therapeutic dosing period to thereby reduce the rate of development of mild cognitive impairment and/or learning disorders and/or memory disorders in the subject over the therapeutic dosing period.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing development of mild cognitive impairment and/or learning disorders and/or memory disorders in a subject suspected to have or suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of a beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (n AChR) antagonist and/or beta-2 nAChRnegative allosteric modulator (NAM) to the subject over a therapeutic dosing period to thereby reduce the rate of development of mild cognitive impairment and/or learning disorders and/or memory disorders in the subject over the therapeutic dosing period.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing oligonucleotides by solid-phase methodology wherein the linkage between the oligonucleotide and the solid phase support is a non-labile phosphodiester. The spacer arm between the support and the phosphodiester is a hydrophilic group. The product of this method is an immobilized oligonucleotide which can be used in solid phase hybridization assays.