Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of a mixture of HF and CF3CCl2CF3. The process involves placing the mixture in a separation zone at a temperature of from about 0° C. to about 100° C. and at a pressure sufficient to maintain the mixture in the liquid phase, whereby an organic-enriched phase comprising less than 69 mole percent HF is formed as the bottom layer and an HF-enriched phase comprising more than 90 mole percent HF is formed as the top layer. The organic-enriched phase can be withdrawn from the bottom of the separation zone and subjected to distillation in a distillation column to recover essentially pure CF3CCl2CF3. The distillate comprising HF and CF3CCl2CF3 can be removed from the top of the distillation column, while essentially pure CF3CCl2CF3 can be recovered from the bottom of the distillation column. Also, the HF-enriched phase can be withdrawn from the top of the separation zone and subjected to distillation in a distillation column.

Abstract: A catalyic process is disclosed for producing fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon products of the formulae RCH2CF2R and RFC═CHR at an elevated temperature, from compounds of the formula RCHFCHFR, where each R is independently selected from the group consisting of —CF3, —CF2CF3 and —CF2CF2CF3 or where both R groups of a formula together are —(CF2)2—, —(CF2)3— or —(CF2)4—. Suitable catalysts include carbon catalysts and catalysts containing at least one compound of a selected metal (e.g., Na, K, Rb, Cs, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Cr, Fe, Co, Rh, Ni, Cu, and/or Zn) supported on carbon. The saturated gem-dihydro- products may also be produced by hydrofluorinating the corresponding olefinic product over such catalysts at an elevated temperature, and can be combined with various other miscible solvents to form compositions useful for cleaning.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for increasing the fluorine content of a saturated or olefinic halogenated hydrocarbon starting material of the formula C.sub.n H.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, a is an integer from 0 to to 12, b is an integer from 0 to 13 and c is an integer from 0 to 13. The process involves contacting the starting material in the vapor phase at a temperature in the range of about 150.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. with HF and a catalytic metal supported on a trivalent lanthanum compound support (the catalytic metal being chromium, cobalt, nickel, zinc, magnesium, copper, silver and/or gold). Certain catalytic compositions including catalytic metal (e.g., chromium, nickel, cobalt, zinc and/or magnesium) supported on a support at trivalent lanthanum compound containing fluoride anion are also disclosed. The atomic ratio of catalytic metal to lanthanum in the compositions is from about 1:1 to 1:999.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering at least one perfluorocycloalkane selected from the group consisting of octafluorocyclobutane, hexafluoro-bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane (1,2 and 1,3; cis and trans), and heptafluoro(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane from a mixture comprising (a) the perfluorocycloalkane, (b) olefinic impurity and, optionally, (c) saturated chlorine-containing impurity selected from the group consisting of chlorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering at least one perhalocycloalkane selected from the group consisting of octafluorocyclobutane, hexafluoro-bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane (1,2 and 1,3; cis and trans), 1,2-dichloro-1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutane (cis and trans), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorocyclobutane, 1-chloro-1,2,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-cyclobutane, heptafluoro(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane and chloroheptafluoro-cyclobutane from a mixture comprising (a) the perhalocycloalkane, (b) olefinic impurity and optionally (c) saturated fluorine-containing impurity selected from the group consisting of hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering HF from a product mixture including HF and CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2. The process involves (1) distilling the product mixture to remove all products which have a lower boiling point than the lowest boiling azeotrope containing HF and CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 ; and (2) distilling the azeotrope to recover HF as an azeotropic composition containing HF and CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2. Also disclosed are compositions of hydrogen fluoride in combination with an effective amount of CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition with hydrogen fluoride, (e.g., compositions containing from about 57.1 to 67.2 mole percent CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2).A process for producing certain compositions comprising(a) CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 and (b) at least one saturated halogenated hydrocarbon and/or ether having the formula:C.sub.n H.sub.2n+2-a-b Cl.sub.a F.sub.b O.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing the hydrofluorocarbon CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CF.sub.2. The process involves dehydrofluorinating CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3 at an elevated temperature in the vapor phase over a catalyst of (1) aluminum fluoride, (2) fluorided alumina, (3) metal supported on a trivalent aluminum compound containing fluoride anion, (4) lanthanum fluoride, (5) fluorided lanthanum oxide, (6) metal supported on a trivalent lanthanum compound containing fluoride anion, (7) trivalent chromium compounds and/or (8) catalysts of (a) at least one compound selected from the oxides, fluorides and oxyfluorides of magnesium, zinc and mixtures of magnesium and zinc, and optionally (b) at least one compound selected from the oxides, fluorides and oxyfluorides of aluminum, provided that the atomic ratio of aluminum to the total of magnesium and zinc in said catalyst is about 1:4, or less, to produce a product containing CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CF.sub.2 and HF. The CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CF.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering HF from a product mixture comprising HF and at least one compound having the formula CF.sub.3 CCl.sub.2+x F.sub.1-x (where x is 0 or 1). The process includes the steps of distilling the product mixture to remove all products which have a lower boiling point than the lowest boiling azeotrope containing HF and said at least one compound; and distilling said azeotrope to recover HF as an azeotropic composition containing HF and said at least one compound. Also disclosed are azeotrope and azeotrope-like compositions which consist essentially of hydrogen fluoride in combination with from about 10 to 27 mole percent CCl.sub.3 CF.sub.3 or from about 35 to 56 mole percent CCl.sub.2 FCF.sub.3.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing HCFC-133a which includes reacting certain trihaloethene starting materials (e.g., trichloroethene) with HF in the gaseous phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of certain supported metal catalysts containing effective amounts of zinc. A catalyst of metal fluoride on a fluorinated alumina support having an atomic ratio of F to Al of at least 2.7:1 and containing .beta.-aluminum fluoride, is employed.

Abstract: This invention provides a crystalline chromium fluoride having a cubic crystal structure (i.e., chromium trifluoride having an X-ray diffraction powder pattern as shown in Table I); and a catalytic composition comprising cubic chromium trifluoride. This invention also provides a process for changing the fluorine content of halogenated hydrocarbons containing from one to six carbon atoms, in the presence of a chromium-containing catalyst. The process is characterized by the chromium-containing catalyst comprising cubic chromium trifluoride.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation of a mixture of HF and CF.sub.3 CClFCF.sub.3. The process involves placing the mixture in a separation zone at a temperature of from about -30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and at a pressure sufficient to maintain the mixture in the liquid phase, whereby an organic-enriched phase comprising less than 50 mole percent HF is formed as the bottom layer and an HF-enriched phase comprising more than 90 mole percent HF is formed as the top layer. The organic-enriched phase can be withdrawn from the bottom of the separation zone and subjected to distillation in a distillation column to recover essentially pure CF.sub.3 CClFCF.sub.3. The distillate comprising HF and CF.sub.3 CClFCF.sub.3 can be removed from the top of the distillation column while essentially pure CF.sub.3 CClFCF.sub.3 can be recovered from the bottom of the distillation column.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane. The process involves (a) reacting a mixture comprising 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane and chlorine to form a mixture of chloro-compounds wherein compounds of the formula C.sub.4 H.sub.x Cl.sub.6-x F.sub.4 (where x is 0 or 1) comprise at least about 50 mole % of the mixture of chloro-compounds; (b) contacting certain chloro-compounds from (a) and hydrogen fluoride with a fluorination catalyst to form a mixture of fluoro-compounds; and (c) contacting certain fluoro-compounds from (b) and hydrogen with a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2. Sufficient chloro-compounds formed in (a) and sufficient fluoro-compounds formed in (b) are recycled to provide a selectivity to CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 of at least about 75% based upon the moles of CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3 reacted in (a).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing the hydrofluorocarbon CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CHF.sub.2. The process involves dehydrofluorinating CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3 at an elevated temperature in the vapor phase over a catalyst of (1) aluminum fluoride, (2) fluorided alumina, (3) metal supported on a trivalent aluminum compound containing fluoride anion, (4) lanthanum fluoride, (5) fluorided lanthanum oxide, (6) metal supported on a trivalent lanthanum compound containing fluoride anion, (7) trivalent chromium compounds and/or (8) catalysts of (a) at least one compound selected from the oxides, fluorides and oxyfluorides of magnesium, zinc and mixtures of magnesium and zinc, and optionally (b) at least one compound selected from the oxides, fluorides and oxyfluorides of aluminum, provided that the atomic ratio of aluminum to the total of magnesium and zinc in said catalyst is about 1:4, or less, to produce a product containing CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CF.sub.2 and HF; and reacting the CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CF.sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of trifluoroethylene (i.e., CF.sub.2 =CHF or HFC-1123) is disclosed. The process involves contacting (in the vapor phase) at least one halogenated ethane of the formula CF.sub.3 CClFX (where X is H, Cl or F) with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst including at least one component selected from elemental metals, metal oxides, metal halides and metal oxyhalides. The metal of the component is ruthenium, copper, nickel, and/or chromium and the halogen of the halides and the oxyhalides is fluorine and/or chlorine.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl fluoride (i.e., CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHF, VF or 1141) from 1,1-difluoroethane (i.e., CH.sub.3 CHF.sub.2, F152a or HFC-152a) is disclosed which involves contacting the 1,1-difluoroethane at an elevated temperature (200.degree. C.-400.degree. C.) with a multiphase catalyst composition consisting essentially of (a) fluorides of at least one divalent metal selected from magnesium and zinc, and (b) fluorides of trivalent aluminum, in which phases of the divalent fluorides are homogeneously dispersed with phases of the trivalent fluorides.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for enriching the amount of CFC-114 relative to the amount of CFC-114a from an initial mixture containing both isomers, by contacting said initial mixture with hydrogen chloride in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product mixture containing C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F.sub.3 and chlorination products of CCl.sub.2 FCF.sub.3 wherein the weight ratio of CClF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2 to the total C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F.sub.4 is higher than the weight ratio of CClF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2 to the total C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F.sub.4 in the initial mixture. The chlorination products of CFC-114a (e.g., CCl.sub.3 CF.sub.3) in the product mixture may then be separated from the C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F.sub.4 therein (e.g., by distillation).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing 1,12,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane. The process involves chlorination of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane to form a mixture of chloro-compounds wherein compounds of the formula C.sub.4 H.sub.4 Cl.sub.6-x F.sub.4 (where x is 0 or 1) comprise at least 50 mole % of the mixture of chloro-compounds, followed by hydrofluorination, then hydrogenolysis, and sufficient recycle to provide a selectivity to CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 of at least about 75% based upon the moles of CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3 reacted. Also disclosed is a multi-distillation process for the purification of CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 from a mixture of HF and the compound(s). Also disclosed are certain new halogenated butanes containing fluorine, and a composition which contains HF in combination with an effective amount of CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition with hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a perfluoroalkyl sulfonate of the formula R.sub.a MX.sub.b-c O.sub.g ?(SO.sub.3).sub.d (R.sub.f).sub.e !.sub.c. This process involves reacting a reagent of the fonnula R.sub.a MX.sub.b O.sub.g and a second reagent of the formula R'.sub.x E?(SO.sub.3).sub.d (R.sub.f).sub.e !.sub.y,whereR is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 perfluoroalkyl, cyclopentadienyl (i.e., C.sub.5 H.sub.5), phenyl and perfluorophenyl;M is selected from the group consisting of transistion metals of groups 3 to 12, main group elements of group 13 to 16 and lanthanide metals;X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and Br;R.sub.f is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.h F.sub.2h+1, C.sub.h F.sub.2h, wherein h is an integer from 0 to 10, perfluorophenyl, C.sub.6 F.sub.4 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 i, wherein i is an integer from 0 to 6, provided that when E is boron, R.sub.f is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.h' F.sub.

Abstract: The fluorine content of an acyclic saturated compound of the formula C.sub.n F.sub.a X.sub.b H.sub.c (wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br, and wherein n is 1 to 6, a is 1 to 13, b is 0 to 12, c is 1 to 9, and a+b+c equals 2n+2) is reduced by reacting the acyclic saturated compound with HCl in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst, the mole ratio of HCl to the acyclic saturated compound being at least about 1:1.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the dehydrohalogenation of partially halogenated ethanes of the formula C.sub.2 H.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c where a is an integer from 1 to 4, b is an integer from 0 to 3 and c is an integer form 1 to 5 to produce olefins selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 H.sub.a-1 Cl.sub.b-1 F.sub.c and C.sub.2 H.sub.a-1 Cl.sub.b F.sub.c-1. The process involves contacting C.sub.2 H.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c with a zeolite selected from the group consisting of NaX and CsY. Selective reaction of one isomer from a mixture of two isomers is disclosed as a means for purification of the relatively unreactive isomer. Also disclosed is a process for producing perfluorocyclobutane which involves contacting CHF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2 with such zeolites.