Abstract: A degassing chamber is disclosed, adapted for the efficient removal of entrained gases from liquids. In a preferred embodiment the degassing chamber is combined with and works in conjunction with a sedimentation tank to provide an efficient clarification station. The combined clarification station can have a “footprint” the same size as, or only slightly larger than, the footprint of the sedimentation tank alone. The degassing chamber is well-suited for retrofitting, and can easily be combined with most types of solid-liquid sedimentation tanks that are currently used in the industry.

Abstract: A degassing chamber is disclosed, adapted for the efficient removal of entrained gases from liquids. In a preferred embodiment the degassing chamber is combined with and works in conjunction with a sedimentation tank to provide an efficient clarification station. The combined clarification station can have a “footprint” the same size as, or only slightly larger than, the footprint of the sedimentation tank alone. The degassing chamber is well-suited for retrofitting, and can easily be combined with most types of solid-liquid sedimentation tanks that are currently used in the industry.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for substantially reducing the momentum, velocity, or both of a first liquid that is flowing into a second liquid. The device allows one to substantially reduce or even eliminate large-scale turbulent eddies that could otherwise be produced by liquid flowing into or within a vessel, for example in a clarifier. Suitably-sized and positioned plates and baffles induce changes of flow direction in a limited volume. By the time the fluid leaves this volume, the fluid velocity is low, and turbulence is nearly or entirely eliminated. Several of the devices may be placed at different inputs within a single clarifier, and thus increase efficiency further.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for substantially reducing the momentum, velocity, or both of a first liquid that is flowing into a second liquid. The device allows one to substantially reduce or even eliminate large-scale turbulent eddies that could otherwise be produced by liquid flowing into or within a vessel, for example in a clarifier. Suitably-sized and positioned plates and baffles induce changes of flow direction in a limited volume. By the time the fluid leaves this volume, the fluid velocity is low, and turbulence is nearly or entirely eliminated. Several of the devices may be placed at different inputs within a single clarifier, and thus increase efficiency further.

Abstract: A fractal fluid distribution system for use in a vessel is described wherein two phases are distributed separately and then finally mixed in a set of stacked fractal plates which are off set from one another by rotation around a central axis. Each of the two phases is fed from the top of the vessel. The flow paths of each individual phase have approximately the same length. A header is provided to allow feeding the two phases separately without interference with the final distribution outlets.

Abstract: A filter and method of forming a filter is described and which includes a porous inorganic substrate having a plurality of pores, and which permits the passage of a fluid therethrough, and a ceramic filtration media formed of particles having a particle size which permits the ceramic filtration media to be embedded in at least some of the porous inorganic substrate and positioned at and/or below the top surface of the inorganic substrate.

Abstract: A process for purifying the raw juice (diffusion juice) obtained from sugar beets replaces the traditional liming and carbonation purification methods with ion exchange softening and chromatographic separation operations.

Abstract: A process for purifying the raw .Iadd.sugar .Iaddend.juice (diffusion juice).Iadd., such as that .Iaddend.obtained from sugar beets.Iadd., .Iaddend.replaces the traditional liming and carbonation purification methods with ion exchange softening and chromatographic separation operations.