Abstract: The invention relates to a durable and reliable miniature liquid junction reference electrode for use with at least one electrode (e.g., an electrochemical sensor cartridge) for measuring certain characteristics of a fluid sample such as blood or other body fluid.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor for detecting urea in a sample includes a composite membrane that includes an enzymatic layer and an outer diffusional layer. The outer diffusional layer is disposed between the enzymatic layer and the analytical sample, preventing direct contact between the enzymatic layer and the analytical sample.

Abstract: A method for reducing interference caused by contaminants on the detection and/or measurement of an analyte in a biological sample includes providing a chemical sensor that contains carboxylated polyvinyl chloride (PVC—COOH) as a polymer component of the sensor's polymeric membrane. A biological sample containing the analyte of interest and a contaminant is placed in contact with the chemical sensor that includes PVC—COOH as a polymer component of the sensor's polymeric membrane. The analyte of interest in the biological sample is then measured and/or detected by the chemical sensor without interference by the contaminant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a durable and reliable miniature liquid junction reference electrode for use with at least one electrode (e.g., an electrochemical sensor cartridge) for measuring certain characteristics of a fluid sample such as blood or other body fluid.

Abstract: Sensor cartridges include a fluid constituent-selective sensor membrane in direct sealing contact with a face of a flow-through sample cell in surrounding relationship to a sensor port. The sensor membrane has sufficiently large surface area so as to entirely cover the sensor port and establish an annular region in surrounding relationship thereto. It is this annular region which is in direct contact with a corresponding region of the sample cell face so as to provide self-sealing capabilities. The sensor cartridge most preferably includes a flow-through sample cell having a zig-zag or serpentine flow channel so as to provide a series of sensor ports on both of the opposed cell faces. The faces of the sample cell are most preferably provided with recessed regions which define a series of land surfaces each of which surrounds a respective one of the sensor ports.

Abstract: Disclosed are a copolymer composition comprising a substituted halo-polymer wherein from about 0.01% to about by weight of the halo moieties therein are replaced with piperazine, and a flexible plastic film made from the copolymer. The copolymer is inherently conductive.