Abstract: In an embodiment of the invention, an electronic device includes an interfacial layer with traps. This interfacial layer is between an electrode and an organic layer, and if the electrode was adjacent to the organic layer, the energy barrier between these two layers is such that the current through the organic layer is limited by charge injection into this layer rather than the transport properties of the organic layer. The traps are used to accumulate charges of one charge type (e.g., either electrons or holes) within the interfacial layer. By accumulating charges, the bands of the interfacial layer are bent so that charges can tunnel from the electrode to the organic layer thus increasing the efficiency of the electronic device and allowing organic layers to be used within an electronic device that otherwise would be too inefficient for use in that device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic device with microchannels that have separated regions which have a member of a specific binding pair member such as DNA or RNA bound to porous polymer, beads or structures fabricated into the microchannel. The microchannels of the invention are fabricated from plastic and are operatively associated with a fluid propelling component and detector.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the invention, an electronic device includes an interfacial layer with traps. This interfacial layer is between an electrode and an organic layer, and if the electrode was adjacent to the organic layer, the energy barrier between these two layers is such that the current through the organic layer is limited by charge injection into this layer rather than the transport properties of the organic layer. The traps are used to accumulate charges of one charge type (e.g., either electrons or holes) within the interfacial layer. By accumulating charges, the bands of the interfacial layer are bent so that charges can tunnel from the electrode to the organic layer thus increasing the efficiency of the electronic device and allowing organic layers to be used within an electronic device that otherwise would be too inefficient for use in that device.

Abstract: The position of the recombination zone can be controlled by controlling the mobility of the charge carriers. In an embodiment of the invention, the mobility of the charge carriers within the emissive polymer layer is controlled by the addition of traps—either electron traps, hole traps, or electron/hole traps. The electron traps reduce electron mobility, the hole traps reduce hole mobility, and the electron/hole traps reduce both electron mobility and hole mobility. The electron mobility and/or the hole mobility can be altered using the traps so that the recombination zone is positioned in the emissive polymer layer sufficiently far from the cathode so that quenching is minimized, and sufficiently far from the HTL/emissive polymer layer interface so that lifetime and/or efficiency is improved.

Abstract: The emissive layer of an organic light emitting diode (“OLED”) device is comprised of multiple polymer chains. In an embodiment of a polymer chain according to the present invention, a portion of the polymer chain is formed by coupling together multiple monomers of two different types. In addition, one end group is coupled to one end of the portion of the polymer chain and another end group is coupled to the opposite end of the portion of the polymer chain. In this embodiment of the polymer chain, the end groups are of the same type and only the end groups emit visible light.

Abstract: In one embodiment of an OLED device, a hole injection/transport layer is added to the device structure in order to increase the number of holes injected into the emissive layer and reduce the number of electrons injected into the added hole injection/transport layer. In a first configuration of the added hole injection/transport layer, the added hole injection/transport layer is comprised of a non-doped hole transporting material that has an IP range between the highest IP value of the adjacent layer on the anode-end and the lowest IP value of the adjacent layer on the “emissive layer”-end. Optionally, in addition, nearly all electron affinities of the added hole injection/transport layer are less than the lowest electron affinity of the adjacent layer on the “emissive layer”-end. In a second configuration of the added hole injection/transport layer, this layer is formed by doping the hole transport material. The dopant is able to abstract electrons from the hole transporting material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and a protein or peptide target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and a protein or peptide target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.

Abstract: This invention relates to the improvement of arrays of porous polymer pads on solid supports used in biological assays. The invention involves freeze drying the porous polymer pads to increase pore size. The increased pore size results in an enhanced ability of the porous polymer pads to bind specific binding substances such as DNA, RNA and polypeptides.

Abstract: In a molecule detection system and method, a sample containing target molecules is added to an array of test sites, with each test site containing distinct probe molecules. The probe molecules bind with the target molecules in the sample to form bound complexes. A source illuminates the array of test sites with incident electromagnetic radiation and an active pixel sensor detects the electromagnetic radiation from the array. To detect the presence of target molecules in the sample, the active pixel sensor detects changes in the optical properties of the test sites that result, either directly or indirectly, from their binding of the probe molecules with the target molecules. The target molecules may also be characterized on the basis of which probe molecules bind to them.

Abstract: This invention relates to the detection of molecular interactions between biological molecules. Specifically, the invention relates to electrical detection of interactions such as hybridization between nucleic acids or peptide antigen-antibody interaction using arrays of peptides or oligonucleotides. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus and methods for detecting nucleic acid hybridization or peptide binding using electronic methods including AC impedance. In some embodiments, no electrochemical or other label moieties are used. In others, electrochemically active labels are used to detect reactions on hydrogel arrays, including genotyping reactions such as the single base extension reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for efficient, high-throughput electrical or electrochemical detection of biomolecules. More specifically, the invention provides an apparatus in which an independent set of electrodes is used to increase the occurrence of a desired bio-conjugation event at a test site.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.peptide.

Abstract: In a molecule detection system and method, a sample containing target molecules is added to an array of test sites, with each test site containing distinct probe molecules. The probe molecules bind with the target molecules in the sample to form bound complexes. A source illuminates the array of test sites with incident electromagnetic radiation, and an active pixel sensor detects the electromagnetic radiation from the array. To detect the presence of target molecules in the sample, the active pixel sensor detects changes in the optical properties of the test sites that result, either directly or indirectly, from their binding of the probe molecules with the target molecules. The target molecules may also be characterized on the basis of which probe molecules bind to them.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for improving the a&esion of gels to metalcoated substrates. In particular, the present invention provides a method comprising the steps of forming a thiol or disulfide self-assembled monolayer on the metal-coated substrate prior to deposition of the gel structures. The invention further provides devices fabricated according to the methods of the invention, comprising a substrate having a surface, a noble metal layer deposited on the substrate surface, a self-assembled monolayer comprised of bifunctional molecules having a thiol or disulfide end and a polymerizable end formed on the noble metal layer, and a plurality of gel pads a&Bred to the self-assembled monolayer. The devices of the invention are advantageously used for performing assays using optical and/or electrochemical detection methods.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting single base extension to an oligonucleotide array using electrochemical labels.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting single base extension to an oligonucleotide array using electrochemical labels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic device with microchannels that have separated regions which have a member of a specific binding pair member such as DNA or RNA bound to porous polymer, beads or structures fabricated into the microchannel. The microchannels of the invention are fabricated from plastic and are operatively associated with a fluid propelling component and detector.

Abstract: This invention relates to the detection of biomolecules. Specifically, the invention relates to electronic or electrochemical detection of biomolecules using biochip arrays. In particular, the invention provides an apparatus comprising a platform for a column-and-row addressable, high-density, enhanced-sensitivity biochip array, and methods of use thereof. The devices and methods of the invention can be used to detect molecular interactions such as nucleic acid hybridization or protein binding.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting single base extension to an oligonucleotide array using electrochemical labels.