Abstract: In some examples, measurement data is received from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform. A likelihood ratio test is applied using the measurement data, and a load status of the platform is determined based on the likelihood ratio test.

Abstract: In some examples, measurement data is received from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform. A likelihood ratio test is applied using the measurement data, and a load status of the platform is determined based on the likelihood ratio test.

Abstract: In some examples, measurement data is received from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform. A likelihood ratio test is applied using the measurement data, and a load status of the platform is determined based on the likelihood ratio test.

Abstract: Based on a relationship between measurement data from at least one sensor and a baseline, a load status of a platform is determined. In response to the determined load status, such as determining that the platform is empty, the baseline is refined using a baseline estimator to produce a refined baseline that can be used to determine a further load status of the platform.

Abstract: In some examples, measurement data is received from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform. A likelihood ratio test is applied using the measurement data, and a load status of the platform is determined based on the likelihood ratio test.

Abstract: Based on a relationship between measurement data from at least one sensor and a baseline, a load status of a platform is determined. In response to the determined load status, such as determining that the platform is empty, the baseline is refined using a baseline estimator to produce a refined baseline that can be used to determine a further load status of the platform.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to transmit and receive data. Transmission may comprise transforming larger values of acquired data into smaller values of transformed data using a transform defined by a seed value selected to reduce digital pulse position modulation transmission time for the acquired data. Additional activities include digital pulse position modulating the transformed data and a checksum associated with the transformed data to provide a propagation signal, and transmitting the propagation signal into drilling fluid or a geological formation. Reception may comprise receiving the propagation signal, demodulating the propagation signal to extract the transformed data and the checksum, and transforming the transformed data into an estimate of the acquired data, using the transform defined by the seed value validated by the checksum. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are described.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to transform acquired data into transformed data using at least one transform selected from a plurality of transforms according to an optimization metric calculation that operates on single, fixed-length packets of the transformed data, and a preselected quality criterion threshold. Further activity may include transmitting an amplified version of an electrical signal in a geological formation, the electrical signal including the transformed data. The amplified version may be received, and further activity may include transforming the transformed data into an estimate of acquired data, the transforming using at least one transform selected from a plurality of transforms according to an optimization metric calculation that operates on single, fixed-length packets of the transformed data and/or the estimate, and a preselected quality criterion threshold. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to determine a uniform number of bits per sub-carrier and an error correction rate as part of a communication system configuration to maximize the effective bit transmission rate while minimizing the size of the configuration description, using a predetermined number of bits. The configuration description designates at least the number of bits per sub-carrier, the error correction rate, and the number of sub-carriers. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are described.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may operate to transform acquired data into transformed data using at least one transform selected from a plurality of transforms according to an optimization metric calculation that operates on single, fixed-length packets of the transformed data, and a preselected quality criterion threshold. Further activity may include transmitting an amplified version of an electrical signal in a geological formation, the electrical signal including the transformed data. The amplified version may be received, and further activity may include transforming the transformed data into an estimate of acquired data, the transforming using at least one transform selected from a plurality of transforms according to an optimization metric calculation that operates on single, fixed-length packets of the transformed data and/or the estimate, and a preselected quality criterion threshold. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A new approach to data embedding within ITU G.722 and ITU G.711 based upon the method of types and universal classification is disclosed. A secondary data sequence is embedded in the original (host) data stream using the method of types. The embedded data is extracted using a type-based universal receiver, with or without the use of a key. The choice of type and rate for the embedded data is based upon an analysis of portions of the original ITU G.722 or ITU G.711 coded data stream. The universal receiver learns the type from the received data alone, and hence, there is no side information required as in previous data embedding techniques. The embedding process and the receiver may both be data adaptive, so the original data stream can be reconstructed at the decoder without error.

Abstract: A new approach to data embedding within ITU G.722 and ITU G.711 based upon the method of types and universal classification is disclosed. A secondary data sequence is embedded in the original (host) data stream using the method of types. The embedded data is extracted using a type-based universal receiver, with or without the use of a key. The choice of type and rate for the embedded data is based upon an analysis of portions of the original ITU G.722 or ITU G.711 coded data stream. The universal receiver learns the type from the received data alone, and hence, there is no side information required as in previous data embedding techniques. The embedding process and the receiver may both be data adaptive, so the original data stream can be reconstructed at the decoder without error.