Abstract: The invention relates to a battery, a battery management system, and a method to control a battery. According to an embodiment, a system includes a plurality of batteries. Each battery includes an individual associated battery control chip. Advantageously, each battery control chip is mounted within a housing of a respective associated battery. Further, each battery control chip may be adapted for wireless communication.

Abstract: The invention relates, inter alia, to a method for testing a programmable memory cell having a particular memory state, the method involving the following steps of: applying a first read signal to the memory cell, with the result that the memory cell provides a first memory signal which represents its memory state; comparing the first memory signal with a threshold value in order to obtain a first comparison result; applying a second read signal to the memory cell, with the result that the memory cell provides a second memory signal which represents its memory state; comparing the second memory signal with the threshold value in order to obtain a second comparison result; assessing the integrity of the memory state using the two comparison results.

Abstract: The device and the method enable determining a respectively current level of a digital signal. The digital signal is compared with a threshold value that is located between the state representing the low level of the digital signal and the state representing the high level of the digital signal. The threshold value that is used is matched to the prevailing conditions, that is, the threshold value is defined taking account of the waveform of the digital signal.

Abstract: A method and device for switching an inductor are described. A first terminal of the inductor may be connected to ground via a first switching device. A second terminal of the inductor is always connected to a voltage power supply. A second inductor may be connected to ground via a second switching device. The energy released in the second inductor when the current flow is interrupted is used to switch the first inductor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adjustable voltage divider arrangement produced by hybrid technology, having a first current-carrying ohmic resistance layer arranged between two printed conductors and a second resistance layer, which is electrically connected to the first resistance layer and to which there is connected a third printed conductor as a pick-off electrode. A cut is made in the second resistance layer for adjusting the voltage divider so that a desired level can be picked off at the pick-off electrode.

Abstract: A process and a device for controlling a movement of an armature of an electromagnetic switching element having an exciter coil. A first setpoint for the current can be defined after a first time. A second setpoint for the current can be defined after a second time. The second setpoint is smaller than the first setpoint. The second time also occurs before a third time at which the armature has reached its end position.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling an electromagnetic switching member having an excitation winding and a movable armature. A first time point and a second time point define a time window. Within the time window, the current characteristic and/or the voltage characteristic is evaluated in order to detect a switching time point at which the armature reaches a new limit position. The time window is enlarged if no reliable switching time point was detected within the time window.

Abstract: A device for driving a load, in particular an electromagnetic load. The device includes a current detector for detecting the current flowing through the load, a power transistor connected in series to the load, which is triggered in dependence upon the current flowing through the load, and a further transistor arranged in parallel to the power transistor. The device has the advantage of reducing the power dissipation in the power transistor.