Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of a large particle component in a multi-component system. The method requires first separating and concentrating the large particle component of the system by acoustic means and then measuring an acoustical parameter of the separated large particle component. The invention also provides for an apparatus for determining the concentration of large particles in a multi-component fluid system. The apparatus is comprised of an acoustic standing wave resonator, at least one acoustic standing wave generating source, electronic circuitry for actuating, controlling and processing the acoustic standing wave generating source and means for measuring at least one parameter of the multi-component system after the large particles have been concentrated and aggregated by the generated standing wave(s).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid to obtain the concentrations of N of its components, N being at least three. The method comprises the steps of bringing a sample of the fluid to a plurality of successive temperatures, measuring a combined total of at least N acoustical and electrical parameters of the sample at each temperature, and determining simultaneously from the measured acoustical and electrical parameters, using a system of N linear equations, the concentrations of the N components. The apparatus combines acoustic and electrical measuring elements in one unit.

Abstract: A method for measuring liquid flow, comprising the steps of delivering the liquid into a measuring cell having a measuring slot with at least one isolated electrode and at least two non-isolated electrodes, inducing fluctuations in the liquid flowing in the measuring slot, measuring electrical capacitance and electrical phase shifts correlated with the fluctuations, as well as a conductivity of the liquid, and obtaining flow parameters of the liquid from the electrical parameters. An apparatus for measuring the properties of a flowing liquid, comprising at least one measuring cell having at least one measuring slot, means for inducing flow fluctuations in the flowing liquid, and measuring means used to obtain liquid properties from the flow fluctuations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid to obtain the concentrations of N of its components, N being at least three. The method comprises the steps of bringing a sample of the fluid to a plurality of successive temperatures, measuring a combined total of at least N acoustical and electrical parameters of the sample at each temperature, and determining simultaneously from the measured acoustical and electrical parameters, using a system of N linear equations, the concentrations of the N components. The apparatus combines acoustic and electrical measuring elements in one unit.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring the anisotropic mechanical properties of tissue is provided. The device comprises a flexural resonator driven by a transducer to oscillate at a plurality of angles of oscillation while in contact with a tissue to be analyzed. The resonance frequencies and resonance peak widths for the flexural resonator are measured at each of the plurality of angles of oscillation. Based on these values and the free state resonance frequency of the oscillating flexural resonator, anisotropic mechanical properties of the tissue are derived. A pressure normalizing element is utilized to ensure secure and standardized contact between the flexural resonator and the tissue during the measurements.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for analyzing liquids utilizing cylindrical acoustic standing waves, generally in the ultrasonic region. The invention facilitates measurement of acoustic parameters of a fluid, such as sound velocity and attenuation, which themselves serve as indicators of solute concentrations and various ongoing chemical processes occurring. In preferred embodiments of the invention, cylindrical ultrasonic standing waves are generated in a liquid contained within a cylindrical housing by causing coherent oscillation of the entire cylinder, or a circumferential segment thereof, or multiple circumferential segments thereof. The invention is amenable to a variety of applications and implementations, most involving pairs of resonators, one containing a sample of the liquid under study, and the other containing a reference liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring parameters of work diagram of piston machines comprises, connected to one another, a current crankshaft rotation angle counter having inputs coupled, via a crankshaft angular position pulse former and a top dead center pulse former, to an angular mark sensor, and a decoder decoding top dead center signals. To the latter is coupled an input of a flip-flop of an analysis and control unit which also has a counter having an input coupled, via a main coincidence gate, to one of n pressure sensors in cylinders of piston machines, in accordance with the cylinder selected for indication, and a logical circuit having an input coupled to a reversible counter connected to a flip-flop. The apparatus also comprises a series circuit including a decoder for decoding bottom dead center signals coupled to the reversible counter and flip-flop, a cycle length counter and a main flip-flop coupled to the bottom dead center decoder and to an AND gate.