Abstract: An electromagnetic flow meter (EMFM) accurately measures both the complete flow rate and the dynamically fluctuating flow rate of a fluid by applying a unipolar DC voltage to excitation coils for a predetermined period of time, measuring the electric potential at a pair of electrodes, determining a complete flow rate and independently measuring the dynamic flow rate during the “on” cycle of the DC excitation, and correcting the measurements for errors resulting from galvanic drift and other effects on the electric potential. The EMFM can also correct for effects from the excitation circuit induced during operation of the EMFM.

Abstract: Moisture barriers are provided on both sides of an insulating enclosure together with switched vents/valves such that the enclosure is always vented, and possibly flushed, to the cool side. The number of valves used may depend on the volume to be vented and the speed with which venting is desired. In the case of an overall building envelope, the envelope is vulnerable to the dynamic pressure of winds and gusts, and the invention provides ventilating duct manifolds for each enclosure that utilize wind pressures to inhibit moisture transport from the living quarters to the building envelope and to flush moisture from the building envelope enclosure.

Abstract: The preferred embodiments described herein relate to enterprise energy automation. In one preferred embodiment, a method for enterprise energy automation is provided. In another preferred embodiment, a method for delivering ancillary services to an energy supply and delivery system by a group of buildings is provided. In yet another preferred embodiment, a method for integrating an energy automation system is provided. Other preferred embodiments are also provided.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flow meter includes a preamplifier with extremely long time constant to achieve wide band operation. To alleviate undesirably long recovery from transients and the like, an effective dc bias is obtained by periodically resetting the bias levels. The invention is applicable outside the field of electromagnetic flow meters.