Abstract: Methods and compositions provided for enhancing the transport of drugs (including peptides, oligonucleotides, proteins and conventional drugs) across epithelial cells at mucosal sites. The methods and compositions include the use of a peptide comprising at least two amino acids, such as Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-Arg or Pro-Leu, and a protective group such as phenylazo-benzyloxycarbonyl, N-methyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl, fluoroenylmethyloxycarbonyl or carbobenzoxy, at the N-terminus, or in a mixture of such peptides in a sufficient amount to enhance the drug transport across epithelial cells at mucosal sites. Preferably, the peptide comprises 2 to 5 amino acids; the N-terminal amino acids are preferably Pro-Leu. The peptide with the drug are introduced to the mucosal site in a physical mixture, a conjugated form or by a microcapsule, microsphere, liposome, cell, bacteria, virus or food vesicle carrier by an oral, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, rectal, transdermal, vaginal or ocular route.

Abstract: A hypersonic scramjet engine fuel injector and a hypersonic scramjet engine having such a fuel injector. The engine has a serially connected inlet, combustor, and exhaust nozzle. Multiple, horizontally-spaced-apart fuel injectors are positioned in and connected to the combustor's top portion. Each fuel injector has a hollow wedge shape housing. To improve fuel-air mixing for better combustion, the housing's end wall has multiple, discrete, convergent-divergent fuel outlet nozzles and its side walls have horizontally-extending exterior grooves. Fuel is used to cool the fuel injector housing with the housing's bottom and side walls having fuel-exit holes and the housing having an interior serpentine fuel passageway.

Abstract: A hypersonic scramjet engine fuel injector and a hypersonic scramjet engine having such a fuel injector. The engine has a serially connected inlet, combustor, and exhaust nozzle. Multiple, horizontally-spaced-apart fuel injectors are positioned in and connected to the combustor's top portion. Each fuel injector has a hollow wedge shape housing. To improve fuel-air mixing for better combustion, the housing's end wall has multiple, discrete, convergent-divergent fuel outlet nozzles and its side walls have horizontally-extending exterior grooves. Fuel is used to cool the fuel injector housing with the housing's bottom and side walls having fuel-exit holes and the housing having an interior serpentine fuel passageway.

Abstract: A hypersonic scramjet engine fuel injector and a hypersonic scramjet engine having such a fuel injector. The engine has a serially connected inlet, combustor, and exhaust nozzle. Multiple, horizontally-spaced-apart fuel injectors are positioned in and connected to the combustor's top portion. Each fuel injector has a hollow wedge shape housing. To improve fuel-air mixing for better combustion, the housing's end wall has multiple, discrete, convergent-divergent fuel outlet nozzles and its side walls have horizontally-extending exterior grooves. Fuel is used to cool the fuel injector housing with the housing's bottom and side walls having fuel-exit holes and the housing having an interior serpentine fuel passageway.

Abstract: A hypersonic scramjet engine fuel injector and a hypersonic scramjet engine having such a fuel injector. The engine has a serially connected inlet, combustor, and exhaust nozzle. Multiple, horizontally-spaced-apart fuel injectors are positioned in and connected to the combustor's top portion. Each fuel injector has a hollow wedge shape housing. To improve fuel-air mixing for better combustion, the housing's end wall has multiple, discrete, convergent-divergent fuel outlet nozzles and its side walls have horizontally-extending exterior grooves. Fuel is used to cool the fuel injector housing with the housing's bottom and side walls having fuel-exit holes and the housing having an interior serpentine fuel passageway.