Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus. The apparatus includes a sensor head section, a base section, a telescoping section, and an electronic component. The base section is connected to the sensor head section. The telescoping section includes a first end and a second end. The telescoping section is connected to the base section. The electronic component is proximate the first end of the telescoping section. The electronic component is protected from making contact with high current, electrically conductive battery elements and configured to sense battery parameters.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a shaft sensor for a machine, the shaft sensor including: first and second disks, fixedly orthogonally attached to a portion of a shaft of the machine, the portion of the shaft being subject to torsion, and the first and second disks being operatively attached to the portion of the shaft at spaced apart locations along the portion of the shaft; and a sensor assembly, including first and second sensors, disposed in sensing relationship with the first and second disks to sense relative position of the first and second disks resulting from torsion of the portion of the shaft and to output a signal representative of at least one parameter related to torsion of the shaft. In another preferred embodiment, the shaft is discontinuous and the first and second disks are attached, respectively, to first and second portions of the shaft and have a resilient member disposed therebetween.