Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical cell which has an electrode, which may be either an anode or a cathode, and a membrane disposed in contact with one side of the electrode. An anode current bus is disposed on the other side of the anode, and a cathode current bus is disposed on the other side of the cathode. An anode current distributor collects current from an anode current bus and distributes it to the anode by electronic conduction, and a cathode current distributor collects current from the cathode and distributes it to the cathode bus by electronic conduction. The anode or the cathode current distributor is made of a metal which is treated by either nitriding, boriding or carbiding the metal in order to make the metal oxide growth resistant. Alternatively, the current distributor on the cathode side may be made of a nickel-based alloy. The current distributor thus provides a barrier between the current bus and the electrode, and the anolyte, catholyte and products of the cell.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a spent catalyst from conventional fluorination processes into a commercially useful tantalum or niobium salt such as K.sub.2 TaF.sub.7 or K.sub.2 NbF.sub.7. The process broadly relates to dissolving the spent catalyst in water or an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution, separating and disposing the undissolved residue, extracting the aqueous solution with a suitable solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and obtaining useful tantalum products from the MIBK solution such as a tantalum salt.

Abstract: Process is disclosed for preparing a highly fluorinated alkane by contacting halogenated alkenes or alkanes with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst which produces a super acid environment. Also, performing the fluorination process by using equipment having a corrosion resistant surface. The corrosion resistant surface may be provided by explosively cladding a corrosion resistant material onto a base metal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an extractive distillation process for separating HCl from pentafluoroethane, chloropentafluoroethane, chlorotrifluoroethane, trifluoromethane, and other fully saturated and unsaturated fluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons.

Abstract: A process for using explosion bonding to produce a metal composite. The explosion bonding produces a substantially diffusionless metallurgical bond between the layers. In one aspect, the ductility of at least one of the layers being bonded is increased by heating prior to bonding. In another aspect, a layer comprises explosion bonding a plurality of cladding layer to a backer plate such that the seam between the strips is sealed.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of CF.sub.3 CHF.sub.2 by contacting CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 or CF.sub.3 CHClF with HF in the presence of a Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst prepared by pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, the reaction being conducted under controlled conditions whereby the production of CF.sub.3 CHF.sub.2 is maximized, and the formation of chloropentafluoroethane (CF.sub.3 CClF.sub.2) and other perhalo derivatives is minimized. The subject hydrogen-containing compound is useful as a blowing agent, propellant, refrigerant, fire extinguishing agent, or sterilant carrier gas.

Abstract: A molybdneum, rhenium, and tungsten alloy having an improved erosion, ductility, strength and a higher recrystallization temperature. The alloy may be fabricated into equipment which is useful for manufacturing chemicals such as a hydrochlorofluorocarbon.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of CF.sub.3 CHF.sub.2 by contacting 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (CClF.sub.2 CHClF) or 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CHF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2) or mixtures of CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 and CClF.sub.2 CHClF or mixtures of CF.sub.3 CHClF and CHF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2 with HF in the presence of a Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst prepared by pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, the reaction being conducted under controlled conditions whereby the production of CF.sub.3 CHF.sub.2 is maximized, and the formation of chloropentafluoroethane (CF.sub.3 CClF.sub.2) and other perhalo derivatives is minimized. The subject hydrogen-containing compound is useful as a blowing agent, propellant, refrigerant, fire extinguishing agent, or sterilant carrier gas.

Abstract: A process for using explosion bonding to produce a metal composite that has substantially diffusionless metallurgical bonds between the layers. In one aspect, the composite comprises a plurality of cladding layers bonded to a backer plate such that the seam between the layers is sealed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for extruding molybdenum-rhenium alloys into tubes or pipes. The invention is capable of high temperature extrusion of MoRe alloys, which comprise about 10 to 50 wt. % rhenium, into a seamless piper or tube. The steps of the process generally comprise fabricating a MoRe billet or blank which includes a pilot hole that extends along the longitudinal axis of the billet, heating the billet to a temperature of at least about 1300.degree. C., and extruding the heated billet by operation of an extrusion press.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for friction welding molybdenum-rhenium alloys which include from about 10% to about 50% by weight. The process of the invention comprises effecting a relative rotation of two MoRe work pieces at rim surface speeds up to about 4,000 to 8,000 inches per minute, forcing the work pieces into frictional contact under an axially applied pressure of about 3,000 to 20,000 pounds per square inch of interface surface.

Abstract: A sterilant mixture comprising 15 to 30 mole percent ethylene oxide and 70 to 85 mole percent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) and a sterilization method using same.

Abstract: Constant boiling azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixtures of octafluoropropane and fluoroethane are useful as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids.

Abstract: A process for using explosion bonding to produce a metal composite. The explosion bonding produces a substantially diffusionless metallurgical bond between the layers. In one aspect, the ductility of at least one of the layers being bonded is increased by heating prior to bonding. In another aspect, a layer comprises explosion bonding a plurality of cladding layer to a backer plate such that the seam between the strips is sealed.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, being useful as cleaning solvents, refrigerants and foam blowing agents.

Abstract: Separating pentafluoroethane from a mixture of pentafluoroethane and chloropentafluoroethane by adding a fluorocarbon extractive agent having 1-4 carbon atoms, and optionally containing hydrogen and/or chlorine, in an extractive distillation zone to recover pentafluoroethane substantially free of chloropentafluoroethane in the overhead product stream.

Abstract: Process of the preparation of highly fluorinated alkanes by contacting halogenated alkenes or alkanes with at least the molar equivalent of HF in the presence of a catalyst selected from TaF.sub.5 and NbF.sub.5 in an amount of at least 0.25 molar equivalent at a temperature of 0.degree. C. to 175.degree. C.