Abstract: The invention relates to VLAN numbering in access networks.

Abstract: VLAN numbering in access networks which bi-directionally connect subscribers and service providers. For an outgoing packet flowing in a direction from a network side to a subscriber side through a network terminator (NT), a port number appearing in a packet header on the network side is not copied by the NT into a header of a corresponding packet applied to the subscriber side, but the NT copies VLAN numbers for the services from the former to the latter packet headers. All services from one specific service provider are delivered to the subscriber through one specific physical port on the subscriber side which corresponds to the port number.

Abstract: A method and system for selecting a data transmission rate in a broadband network. The broadband network is connected to an access network for providing access for user equipment to the broadband network. Rate information is received from the user equipment. The rate information comprises a rate for transmitting data over the access network. Thereafter, a rate for transmitting data over the broadband network is selected. The selected rate for the broadband network is preferably less than or substantially equal to the rate for transmitting data over the access network.

Abstract: The invention relates to VLAN numbering in access networks.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenging packet containing an iron-based oxygen scavenger and an electrolyte is set forth in which the rate of uptake of oxygen is increased by virtue of the introduction into the packet of an oxygen uptake accelerator containing water. Methods of increasing the rate of oxygen absorption by use of the iron-based oxygen scavenging packet are also set forth.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modified atmosphere package comprises supplying a first package including a non-barrier portion substantially permeable to oxygen. A retail cut of raw meat is placed within the first package and the first package is sealed. A second package substantially impermeable to oxygen is supplied. The first package is covered with the second package without sealing the second package so as to create a pocket between the first and second packages. A mixture of gases is supplied into the pocket. The gas mixture comprises from about 0.01 to about 0.8 vol. % carbon monoxide and at least one other gas to form a low oxygen environment so as to form carboxymyoglobin on a surface of the raw meat. The oxygen is removed from the pocket so as to sufficiently reduce an oxygen level therein so as to inhibit or prevent the formation of metmyoglobin on the surface of the raw meat. The second package is sealed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modified atmosphere package comprises supplying a first package including a non-barrier portion substantially permeable to oxygen. A retail cut of raw meat is placed within the first package and the first package is sealed. A second package substantially impermeable to oxygen is supplied. The first package is covered with the second package without sealing the second package so as to create a pocket between the first and second packages. A mixture of gases is supplied into the pocket. The gas mixture comprises from about 0.01 to about 0.8 vol. % carbon monoxide and at least one other gas to form a low oxygen environment so as to form carboxymyoglobin on a surface of the raw meat. The oxygen is removed from the pocket so as to sufficiently reduce an oxygen level therein so as to inhibit or prevent the formation of metmyoglobin on the surface of the raw meat. The second package is sealed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modified atmosphere package comprises supplying a first package including a non-barrier portion substantially permeable to oxygen. A retail cut of raw meat is placed within the first package and the first package is sealed. A second package substantially impermeable to oxygen is supplied. The first package is covered with the second package without sealing the second package so as to create a pocket between the first and second packages. A mixture of gases is supplied into the pocket. The gas mixture comprises from about 0.01 to about 0.8 vol. % carbon monoxide and at least one other gas to form a low oxygen environment so as to form carboxymyoglobin on a surface of the raw meat. The oxygen is removed from the pocket so as to sufficiently reduce an oxygen level therein so as to inhibit or prevent the formation of metmyoglobin on the surface of the raw meat. The second package is sealed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modified atmosphere package comprises supplying a first package including a non-barrier portion substantially permeable to oxygen. A retail cut of raw meat is placed within the first package and the first package is sealed. A second package substantially impermeable to oxygen is supplied. The first package is covered with the second package without sealing the second package so as to create a pocket between the first and second packages. A mixture of gases is supplied into the pocket. The gas mixture comprises from about 0.01 to about 0.8 vol. % carbon monoxide and at least one other gas to form a low oxygen environment so as to form carboxymyoglobin on a surface of the raw meat. The oxygen is removed from the pocket so as to sufficiently reduce an oxygen level therein so as to inhibit or prevent the formation of metmyoglobin on the surface of the raw meat. The second package is sealed.