Abstract: A spacer for delivering a medication spray from an inhaler includes a first conical body joined to a second conical body, forming a continuous spray conduit through first and second internal chambers of the respective first and second conical bodies. A mouthpiece is formed in the proximal end of the first conical body. A spray inlet for attachment to the inhaler is formed at the distal end of the second conical body. A plurality of air inlets are placed downstream of the medication inlet proximate to, or in, the large diameter distal end surface of the first conical body. Recirculation zones are created in the first and second chambers, to force the medication spray into a central airflow path through the spray conduit, minimizing particle deposition by contract with the walls of the spacer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for conducting densely packed, independent chemical reactions in parallel in fluid-permeable arrays. Accordingly, this invention also focuses on the use of such arrays for applications such as DNA sequencing, most preferably pyrophosphate sequencing, and DNA amplification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparati for conducting densely packed, independent chemical reactions in parallel in a substantially two-dimensional array. Accordingly, this invention also focuses on the use of this array for applications such as DNA sequencing, most preferably pyrosequencing, and DNA amplification.

Abstract: A spacer for delivering a medication spray from a metered dose inhaler includes a first conical body joined to a second conical body, forming a continuous spray conduit through first and second internal chambers of the respective first and second conical bodies. A mouthpiece is formed in the small diameter (proximal) end of the first conical body. A spray inlet for attachment to an MDI or similar device is formed at the large diameter (distal) end of the second conical body. A plurality of air inlets are placed downstream of the medication inlet proximate to, or in, the large diameter distal end surface of the first conical body. During use, high-pressure recirculation zones are created in the first and second chambers, near the spray inlet and the air inlets, and an air jacket is created along the inner surface of the wall of the first conical body.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for nucleic acid amplification wherein nucleic acid templates, beads, and amplification reaction solution are emulsified and the nucleic acid templates are amplified to provide clonal copies of the nucleic acid templates attached to the beads. Also disclosed are kits and apparatuses for performing the methods of the invention.