Abstract: An anodization method includes steps of providing an object formed of an aluminum-copper alloy, providing an anodizing bath comprising a basic silicate solution, providing an AC power supply including a first electrode and a second electrode, placing the first electrode in contact with the anodizing bath, connecting the second electrode to the object, placing the object in the anodizing bath, applying a voltage to the first and second electrodes to maintain a current density of about 10 mA/cm2 or less to form an anodized coating on the object, removing the object from the bath, and sealing the anodized coating on the object.

Abstract: A process for electrolytically coating a substrate at a preselected second voltage. The process comprises the steps of: (i) immersing the substrate in an aqueous electrolytic bath comprising at least one soluble salt, the substrate acting as a first electrode; (ii) contacting a second electrode with the aqueous electrolytic bath; (iii) passing a current through the aqueous electrolytic bath at a first voltage which is less than the second voltage, the current comprising alternating current superimposed over direct current; (iv) increasing the first voltage to a second voltage over a period of time while continuing to pass the current through the aqueous electrolytic bath; (v) keeping the second voltage substantially constant thereby allowing the current to decrease; and (vi) thereby forming an oxide coating on the substrate.

Abstract: An improved process is described for the catalytic oligomerization of light olefins, such as ethylene or propylene. Higher hydrocarbons, such as gasoline grade hydrocarbons, are produced from the light olefins using a liquid catalyst which comprises a Lewis acid and a Lewis base component which forms with the Lewis acid a melt which is liquid at room temperature. The Lewis acid is a metal halide, such as aluminum trichloride and the Lewis base is an organic salt, such as an organic halide salt containing an N-heterocyclic ring or salts containing fully substituted onium ions.